Exploring potential biomarkers for early detection: Alterations in oral microbiota in young children with autism

Abstract

<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Early identification and intervention are critical for improving outcomes in individuals with ASD. This study aimed to examine the oral microbiota profile in young children diagnosed with ASD to identify potential biomarkers that could contribute to early detection and intervention strategies. Dental samples were collected from 25 children diagnosed with ASD (M=4.85, SD= 0.85) and 30 age and sex-matched typically developing children as a control group. The samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the microbial composition. The results revealed a notable reduction in bacterial diversity in children with ASD compared to the control group (Chao1 <em>p</em><.05), indicating an altered oral microbiota in ASD. The oral microbiota of children with ASD exhibited significant enrichment of nine distinct taxa, whereas typically developing peers showed enrichment of 14 distinctive taxa. These findings suggest the presence of a distinct microbial profile associated with ASD. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the functional implications of these microbial differences and their potential role in the pathophysiology of ASD. Understanding the interplay between the oral microbiota and ASD could provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disorder and pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted interventions. Validation of these potential biomarkers and further research in larger cohorts are warranted to establish their reliability and clinical significance. Overall, this study contributes to our knowledge of the oral microbiome in ASD and highlights its potential as a promising avenue for future research and therapeutic interventions.</p>