Modeling time-dependent tolls under transport, land use, and environment considerations

Abstract

Recently, there has been resurgence of interest in road pricing. Along with the popularity of the concept of sustainability, transport planners no longer ignore the environmental considerations when analyzing and designing a transportation system for pricing. This paper develops an analytical model to determine the optimal tolls over time to control the traffic emissions while capturing the land use-transport interaction. To illustrate the effect of tolls on the transportation system with land use and environmental considerations, a numerical study is performed. The results show that the implementation of tolls can reduce the overall traffic emissions, generate more transit revenue and alter the travelers' choices of modes, routes, living and working locations. Copyright ASCE 2006.