Circular economy application in construction: An evaluation of modular integrated construction (MiC) lifecycle assessments

Abstract

Modular integrated construction (MiC) technology has emerged as the building sector advances towards lean construction. Previous research has pointed out that replacing some cast-in-situ processes with prefabricated components may significantly reduce the carbon footprint of buildings. This study focuses on the environmental impact of high-rise prefabricated concrete residential buildings and compares the Global Warming Potential (GWP) in buildings through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods in linear and circular construction contexts. The findings indicate that concrete MiC has an advantage in GWP reduction at around 6 %. Yet, the LCA under the circular process results reveal that substantial benefits of concrete MiC, with 20 %–26 % lower annual carbon emissions when the assumed first and second lifespans range from 25 to 50 years. This research also applies the Circular Economy (CE) indicator to find the optimal material circular scenario, indicating that a dual-lifecycle totalling 50 to 60 years can be more efficient. This research underscores the potential of MiC in contributing to sustainable construction through the lens of circular LCA, which emphasises material reclaim.