Unity and diversity model of executive functions: State of the art and issues to be resolved.

Abstract

<p>Objective: This article aimed to review the unity and diversity model of executive functions, examining its historical evolution, exploring general versus specific executive functions, and presenting the model from its 2000 proposal to the present. Method: The state-of-the-art review involved examining literature using databases like PubMed, Web of Science, APA APA PsycInfo, and Google Scholar, covering works from 2000 to 2023. This approach provides a detailed insight into the current state of the field, offering an updated analysis of existing knowledge. Results: The review unveils key insights into the unity and diversity model, covering the general executive factor (akin to inhibition) and the related abilities of updating and switching. It thoroughly explores the model’s historical evolution and current perspectives. Conclusions: This article critically analyzes the unity and diversity model, addressing cognitive science questions about replicability, the fundamental nature of proposed executive functions, and the stability of this cognitive structure across human development or its changes throughout the lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)<br></p>