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- Publisher Website: 10.1136/tc-2022-057724
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-85152202496
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Article: Increase of unmotivated and hardened smokers in Hong Kong: A repeated cross-sectional trend analysis
Title | Increase of unmotivated and hardened smokers in Hong Kong: A repeated cross-sectional trend analysis |
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Authors | |
Keywords | addiction cessation end game nicotine |
Issue Date | 2023 |
Citation | Tobacco Control, 2023, article no. tc-2022-057724 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Objectives: To examine the trends in the prevalence of hardening indicators and hardened smokers in Hong Kong, where the low smoking prevalence has plateaued in the recent decade. Methods: This is an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from 9 territory-wide smoking cessation campaigns conducted annually from 2009 to 2018 (except 2011). Participants were 9837 biochemically verified daily cigarette smokers aged ≥18 years (18.5% female, mean age 43.2±14.2 years) recruited from the communities. Hardening indicators included heavy smoking (>15 CPD), high nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index ≥5), no intention to quit within next 30 days and no past-year quit attempt. Perceived importance, confidence and difficulty of quitting were measured (each ranged 0-10). Multivariable regressions were used to model the changes in hardening indicators by calendar year, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of heavy smoking decreased from 57.6% to 39.4% (p<0.001), high nicotine dependence also decreased from 10.5% to 8.6% (p=0.06). However, the proportion of smokers with no intention to quit (12.7%-69.0%) and no past-year quit attempt (74.4%-80.4%) significantly increased (both p values <0.001). Hardened smokers (heavy smoking, no intention to quit, no past-year attempt quit attempt) significantly increased from 5.9% to 20.7% (p<0.001). Mean perceived importance (from 7.9±2.3 to 6.6±2.5) and confidence (from 6.2±2.6 to 5.3±2.4) of quitting also decreased significantly (all p values <0.001). Conclusions: Daily cigarette smokers in Hong Kong were motivational hardening, but not dependence hardening. Effective tobacco control policies and interventions are warranted to motivate quitting to further reduce smoking prevalence. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/335899 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 4.0 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.654 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Zhao, Sheng Zhi | - |
dc.contributor.author | Wu, Yongda | - |
dc.contributor.author | Cheung, Derek Yee Tak | - |
dc.contributor.author | Luk, Tzu Tsun | - |
dc.contributor.author | Weng, Xue | - |
dc.contributor.author | Tong, Henry Sau Chai | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lai, Vienna | - |
dc.contributor.author | Chan, Sophia Siu Chee | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lam, Tai Hing | - |
dc.contributor.author | Wang, Man Ping | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-28T08:49:35Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-12-28T08:49:35Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2023 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Tobacco Control, 2023, article no. tc-2022-057724 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 0964-4563 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/335899 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Objectives: To examine the trends in the prevalence of hardening indicators and hardened smokers in Hong Kong, where the low smoking prevalence has plateaued in the recent decade. Methods: This is an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from 9 territory-wide smoking cessation campaigns conducted annually from 2009 to 2018 (except 2011). Participants were 9837 biochemically verified daily cigarette smokers aged ≥18 years (18.5% female, mean age 43.2±14.2 years) recruited from the communities. Hardening indicators included heavy smoking (>15 CPD), high nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index ≥5), no intention to quit within next 30 days and no past-year quit attempt. Perceived importance, confidence and difficulty of quitting were measured (each ranged 0-10). Multivariable regressions were used to model the changes in hardening indicators by calendar year, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of heavy smoking decreased from 57.6% to 39.4% (p<0.001), high nicotine dependence also decreased from 10.5% to 8.6% (p=0.06). However, the proportion of smokers with no intention to quit (12.7%-69.0%) and no past-year quit attempt (74.4%-80.4%) significantly increased (both p values <0.001). Hardened smokers (heavy smoking, no intention to quit, no past-year attempt quit attempt) significantly increased from 5.9% to 20.7% (p<0.001). Mean perceived importance (from 7.9±2.3 to 6.6±2.5) and confidence (from 6.2±2.6 to 5.3±2.4) of quitting also decreased significantly (all p values <0.001). Conclusions: Daily cigarette smokers in Hong Kong were motivational hardening, but not dependence hardening. Effective tobacco control policies and interventions are warranted to motivate quitting to further reduce smoking prevalence. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Tobacco Control | - |
dc.subject | addiction | - |
dc.subject | cessation | - |
dc.subject | end game | - |
dc.subject | nicotine | - |
dc.title | Increase of unmotivated and hardened smokers in Hong Kong: A repeated cross-sectional trend analysis | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | link_to_subscribed_fulltext | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1136/tc-2022-057724 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85152202496 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | article no. tc-2022-057724 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | article no. tc-2022-057724 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1468-3318 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000948598200001 | - |