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- Publisher Website: 10.1177/00048674211025710
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-85126853432
- PMID: 34180248
- WOS: WOS:000676968400001
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Article: The impact of social unrest and pandemic on mental health of young people in Hong Kong: The transdiagnostic role of event-based rumination
Title | The impact of social unrest and pandemic on mental health of young people in Hong Kong: The transdiagnostic role of event-based rumination |
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Authors | |
Keywords | depression Post-traumatic stress disorder rumination social unrest youth mental health |
Issue Date | 2022 |
Citation | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2022, v. 56, n. 4, p. 376-384 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Objective: Co-occurring population-level events, such as social unrest and coronavirus disease 2019, are observed in many societies today. Few studies have explored their combined mental health effects on young people. While self-focused rumination has been suggested to be a key mechanism underlying depression, the role of event-based rumination in mediating the impact of population stressors has yet to be elucidated. Methods: Data were collected from 6988 young people in a large-scale community online survey in Hong Kong. The survey assessed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, direct exposure to social unrest-related traumatic events, coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related events, personal stressful life events, event-based rumination and other individual risk factors. Results: High levels of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms were observed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that probable post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with traumatic events (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = [1.64, 1.82]), pandemic-related events (odds ratio = 1.08, confidence interval = [1.01, 1.16]), stressful life events (odds ratio = 1.20, confidence interval = [1.21, 1.37]), high event-based rumination (odds ratio = 3.00, confidence interval = [2.58, 3.48]), lower resilience (odds ratio = 1.18, confidence interval = [1.15, 1.21]), higher smartphone reliance (odds ratio = 1.09, confidence interval = [1.05, 1.13]) and financial concerns (odds ratio = 1.25, confidence interval = [1.18, 1.33]). The odds for probable post-traumatic stress disorder was also significantly higher when two or more traumatic events were experienced (odds ratio = 4.03, confidence interval = [3.52, 4.62]). Factors associated with moderate-to-severe level depressive symptoms were similar. Event-based rumination significantly mediated between different types of external events (traumatic events, pandemic-related events, stressful life events) and both post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that diverse types of stressful events during population-level crises could add to personal stressors to affect mental health outcomes in young people. Among other protective and risk factors, event-based rumination presented as a prominent transdiagnostic mediator for different symptom dimensions which may be a potentially important target for early risk detection and intervention. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/330779 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 4.0 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.643 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Wong, Stephanie M.Y. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Hui, Christy L.M. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Suen, Yi Nam | - |
dc.contributor.author | Wong, Corine S.M. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Chan, Sherry K.W. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lee, Edwin H.M. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Chang, Wing Chung | - |
dc.contributor.author | Chen, Eric Y.H. | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-09-05T12:14:12Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-09-05T12:14:12Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2022, v. 56, n. 4, p. 376-384 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 0004-8674 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/330779 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Objective: Co-occurring population-level events, such as social unrest and coronavirus disease 2019, are observed in many societies today. Few studies have explored their combined mental health effects on young people. While self-focused rumination has been suggested to be a key mechanism underlying depression, the role of event-based rumination in mediating the impact of population stressors has yet to be elucidated. Methods: Data were collected from 6988 young people in a large-scale community online survey in Hong Kong. The survey assessed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, direct exposure to social unrest-related traumatic events, coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related events, personal stressful life events, event-based rumination and other individual risk factors. Results: High levels of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms were observed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that probable post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with traumatic events (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = [1.64, 1.82]), pandemic-related events (odds ratio = 1.08, confidence interval = [1.01, 1.16]), stressful life events (odds ratio = 1.20, confidence interval = [1.21, 1.37]), high event-based rumination (odds ratio = 3.00, confidence interval = [2.58, 3.48]), lower resilience (odds ratio = 1.18, confidence interval = [1.15, 1.21]), higher smartphone reliance (odds ratio = 1.09, confidence interval = [1.05, 1.13]) and financial concerns (odds ratio = 1.25, confidence interval = [1.18, 1.33]). The odds for probable post-traumatic stress disorder was also significantly higher when two or more traumatic events were experienced (odds ratio = 4.03, confidence interval = [3.52, 4.62]). Factors associated with moderate-to-severe level depressive symptoms were similar. Event-based rumination significantly mediated between different types of external events (traumatic events, pandemic-related events, stressful life events) and both post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that diverse types of stressful events during population-level crises could add to personal stressors to affect mental health outcomes in young people. Among other protective and risk factors, event-based rumination presented as a prominent transdiagnostic mediator for different symptom dimensions which may be a potentially important target for early risk detection and intervention. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry | - |
dc.subject | depression | - |
dc.subject | Post-traumatic stress disorder | - |
dc.subject | rumination | - |
dc.subject | social unrest | - |
dc.subject | youth mental health | - |
dc.title | The impact of social unrest and pandemic on mental health of young people in Hong Kong: The transdiagnostic role of event-based rumination | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | link_to_subscribed_fulltext | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1177/00048674211025710 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 34180248 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85126853432 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 325223 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 56 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 4 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | 376 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | 384 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1440-1614 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000676968400001 | - |