Lower functional connectivity state transitions during affective processing correlate with subsequent impairment in sustaining positive affect in subthreshold depression

Abstract

Background: Diminished capacity for maintaining positive affect (PA) has been identified in subthreshold depression (StD). While recent studies have explored affective dynamics among StD, the relationship between early emotional processing impairments and the capacity to prolong PA remains uncertain. Furthermore, it is unclear how brain connectivity patterns observed in StD are associated with PA maintenance. Methods: The experimental procedure comprised a baseline rs-fMRI scan, followed by a PA-inducing movie viewing task, and three further rs-fMRI sessions. Participants provided PA ratings following each session. PA maintenance was quantified through the slope of mood change between each session after movie viewing. We performed a dynamic functional connectivity analysis on movie viewing data, as well as a series of static functional connectivity (FC), analyses on data of all rs-fMRI sessions from 25 StD and 25 healthy controls (HC). Correlations between brain-related measures and slope of mood change were calculated. Results: Individuals with StD exhibited reduced capacity in sustaining PA, reflected in a decrease in PA in the early maintenance stage. StD also had a lower number of transitions between four brain states during movie viewing, which was related to subsequent impairment in sustaining PA. In addition, StD had weaker static FC between left inferior frontal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus during the first resting-state session following movie viewing, which in turn was related to a steeper decline in PA. Conclusions: These results highlight the brain features driving PA dysregulation in StD and provide a potential avenue for the development of future interventions.