Multiobjective layout optimization for low impact development considering its ecosystem services

Abstract

The augmented proportion of impervious surfaces and heavy rainfall have resulted in waterlogging, nonpoint source pollution, and environmental degradation. Low impact development (LID) is an effective storm management practice. Based on six different LID paving scenarios, a four objective simulation-optimization framework coupled with stormwater management model (SWMM) and NSGA-Ⅱ that incorporates the ecosystem service value (ESV) was proposed for the optimal layout of LID facilities. A case study in Beijing, China, was taken as an example. The results showed that the rain garden paving scenario is remarkable compared to the other scenarios in realizing ESV, with the dominant ESV of net carbon sinks. The optimization revealed that the change in pollution control rate was more sensitive than the runoff reduction rate. Simultaneously, the optimization of these two indicators will be accompanied by more cost and lower ESV. The optimal solution achieved 51.95 % of runoff reduction rate, 87.35 % of water pollution control rate, 2.78×105 CNY of ESV, and 40.14×106 CNY of cost. The framework provides reference and technical support to achieve the synergistic objectives among cost, water quality and quantity control, and ecosystem services.