Development of a Shorten Version of the 22-Item Level of Self-Criticism Scale: Using Item Response Theory and Factor Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: Excessive self-criticism, along with negative self-evaluation and perceived unfavorable judgments from others, often leads to emotional distress. The Levels of Self-Criticism (LOSC) scale identifies two distinct forms of self-criticism: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism, yet with varying psychometric stability across different populations. Method: This study developed a shortened, psychometrically robust version of the LOSC by employing item response theory (IRT) and factor analysis to enhance the practicality and reliability of the scale. Results: 415 participants completed the baseline survey, and 232 completed the post-test, engaging 83% of females with Mage = 39.73. IRT analysis eliminated 11 items, with the remaining items demonstrating optimal item performance and significant concurrent validity with related measures. This shortened LOSC showed strong test–retest reliability and construct validity. Discussion: This streamlined scale provides a precise tool for assessing self-criticism, contributing to better psychological practice and research.