Adaptive reuse of historical buildings in cultural and creative industries : case studies of Tai Kwun, PMQ and Central market in Hong Kong

Abstract

In Hong Kong, adaptive reuse of historical buildings has become a significant strategy for cultural preservation and urban revitalization, especially when it comes to supporting the development of the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI). This study examines the impact of adaptive reuse on CCI development through a comparative analysis of 3 revitalization projects —Tai Kwun, PMQ, and Central Market. Forming 'Cultural Triangle' in Central, they represent a variety of methods for conservation and utilization of creative spaces and each has different outcomes in supporting CCI practitioners. To evaluate the effectiveness of these adaptive reuse projects, this study adopts a mixed-methods approach, including case study analysis, quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews with tenants and real estate professionals. Rent affordability, site management, location accessibility, and external assistance are the four key parameters to assess their contributions to CCI development. According to findings, artists' financial constraints are alleviated by discounted rents. With great accessibility and site management, including sufficient promotion strategies and flexible arrangements, it can significantly enhance the operation by fostering foot traffic and recognition of tenants. Yet, challenges remain. For example, PMQ has declining visitor numbers because of its less accessible location, operation restrictions and inadequate promotions. In contrast, Tai Kwun and Central Market have sustainable external support, including continuous funding from the Hong Kong Jockey Club and joint governance between public and private operators. They demonstrate the significance of sufficient technical and financial support to ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry development. This study proposes practical suggestions for enhancing the contribution of adaptive reuse in CCI development. Tenants can overcome operational challenges with the help of increased financial and technical support, such as consultation and subsidies. Public participation and recognition can be improved through strategic marketing including online advertising and cultural events. Concerns about accessibility could be resolved by enhancing physical connectivity through better transportation or amenities, especially for those less centrally located. To further reduce operational limitations, flexible leasing models that are compatible with the needs of CCI practitioners can be adopted. Furthermore, each site can differentiate itself by developing a distinct space positioning and cultivating unique thematic identities. In conclusion, adaptive reuse of historical buildings offers a feasible solution to support Hong Kong's CCI by preserving architectural heritage and offering affordable creative spaces. But to attain its full potential, underlying problems must be addressed by innovative policy, cross-sector collaboration, and targeted support. For CCI practitioners, legislators, and urban planners eager to utilize heritage assets for innovative and sustainable urban development, the insights from this research would provide insightful advice.