Assessing the impact of green space exposure on elderly mortality in Hong Kong : a multi-method approach

Abstract

With the acceleration of global urbanization, urban green spaces are increasingly considered potential factors in mitigating the health challenges brought by urbanization. This study investigates the impact of green space exposure on the mortality rate of the elderly in Hong Kong, a densely populated city with unique urban environmental characteristics. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between green space exposure and the mortality rate of the elderly in Hong Kong. It also aims to critically assess the application of meta-analysis in determining the causal relationship between elderly green space exposure and mortality rate, and to propose policy recommendations for urban planning and public health. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies that measured green space exposure and reported all-cause mortality in the elderly was conducted. Narrative analyses of Hong Kong-specific literature were further conducted to explore pathways of impact. The meta-analysis reveals a notable inverse relationship between exposure to green spaces and mortality rates among the elderly, suggesting that increased green space is linked to a lower risk of death. Additionally, narrative analysis sheds light on the underlying mechanisms through which green spaces may impact health outcomes, such as enhancing physical activity and fostering social interaction. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of integrating green spaces in urban planning to enhance the health and well-being of the elderly population. This study provides an evidence base for policy formulation and urban design to support healthy city development, especially in a high-density urban environment such as Hong Kong.