Topological π/2 modes in photonic waveguide arrays

Abstract

Periodic driving is a powerful tool to generate exotic topological phases without static counterparts, such as the anomalous chiral edge modes from bulk bands with zero Chern number and topological π modes exhibiting period-doubled dynamics. Recently, a new class of Floquet topological mode, namely, the π/2 mode, which carries four-period periodicity and has potential applications in quantum computing, was proposed based on a square-root method and realized in an acoustic system. Here we propose a laser-written waveguide array lattice to realize topological π/2 modes in photonics. Our photonic model simulates a square-root periodically driven Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and has a rich phase diagram allowing for the coexistence of conventional zero, π modes, and the new π/2 modes. Through numerical simulations of the wave equation, we uncover the unique four-period evolution feature of the π/2 modes. Our model, which only contains four waveguides per unit cell and two driving steps, is easy to implement with current fabrication techniques and may find applications in quantum optics.