Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Utility

Abstract

<p>Diquafosol is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that is garnering much interest for its potential therapeutic benefits in dry eye disease (DED) management and is used commonly in Asia. Diquafosol’s mechanism of action involves enhancing fluid secretion from conjunctival epithelial cells and promoting mucin secretion, thereby improving tear film stability and ocular surface lubrication. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in effectively targeting all three DED subtypes, aqueous-deficient, decreased-wettability and evaporative dry eye, by increasing tear production, leading to improvements in objective markers and reducing subjective symptoms of DED. Its adverse effects are generally mild and transient, including ocular irritation and discomfort. This review explores future research directions, including its efficacy in certain subtypes of DED yet to be thoroughly explored, inter-product superiority, the creation of various formulations, recommended treatment duration and its potential combination therapies. Overall, this review seeks to provide an overview of the pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, safety profile, clinical utility, long-term usage and prospects of diquafosol in managing DED. Diquafosol represents a promising novel option in the armamentarium against DED to address the underlying pathophysiology of this common ocular condition.<br></p>