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- Publisher Website: 10.1093/schbul/sbad129
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-85181395864
- PMID: 37622401
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Article: Hallucination-Proneness is Associated with a Decrease in Robust Averaging of Perceptual Evidence
Title | Hallucination-Proneness is Associated with a Decrease in Robust Averaging of Perceptual Evidence |
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Authors | |
Keywords | adaptive gain computational modeling liberal acceptance perceptual averaging psychosis schizotypy |
Issue Date | 25-Aug-2023 |
Publisher | Oxford University Press |
Citation | Schizophrenia Bulletin: The Journal of Psychoses and Related Disorders, 2023, v. 50, n. 1, p. 59-68 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Background and Hypothesis: Hallucinations are characterized by disturbances in perceptual decision-making about environmental stimuli. When integrating across multiple stimuli to form a perceptual decision, typical observers engage in "robust averaging"by down-weighting extreme perceptual evidence, akin to a statistician excluding outlying data. Furthermore, observers adapt to contexts with more unreliable evidence by increasing this down-weighting strategy. Here, we test the hypothesis that hallucination-prone individuals (n=38 high vs n=91 low) would show a decrease in this robust averaging and diminished sensitivity to changes in evidence variance. Study Design: We used a multielement perceptual averaging task to elicit dichotomous judgments about the "average color"(red/blue) of an array of stimuli in trials with varied strength (mean) and reliability (variance) of decision-relevant perceptual evidence. We fitted computational models to task behavior, with a focus on a log-posterior-ratio (LPR) model which integrates evidence as a function of the log odds of each perceptual option and produces a robust averaging effect. Study Results: Hallucination-prone individuals demonstrated less robust averaging, seeming to weigh inlying and outlying extreme or untrustworthy evidence more equally. Furthermore, the model that integrated evidence as a function of the LPR of the two perceptual options and produced robust averaging showed poorer fit for the group prone to hallucinations. Finally, the weighting strategy in hallucination-prone individuals remained insensitive to evidence variance. Conclusions: Our findings provide empirical support for theoretical proposals regarding evidence integration aberrations in psychosis and alterations in the perceptual systems that track statistical regularities in environmental stimuli. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/348377 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 5.3 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 2.249 |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Larsen, Emmett M | - |
dc.contributor.author | Jin, Jingwen | - |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Xian | - |
dc.contributor.author | Donaldson, Kayla R | - |
dc.contributor.author | Liew, Megan | - |
dc.contributor.author | Horga, Guillermo | - |
dc.contributor.author | Luhmann, Christian | - |
dc.contributor.author | Mohanty, Aprajita | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-10-09T00:31:07Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-10-09T00:31:07Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2023-08-25 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Schizophrenia Bulletin: The Journal of Psychoses and Related Disorders, 2023, v. 50, n. 1, p. 59-68 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 0586-7614 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/348377 | - |
dc.description.abstract | <p>Background and Hypothesis: Hallucinations are characterized by disturbances in perceptual decision-making about environmental stimuli. When integrating across multiple stimuli to form a perceptual decision, typical observers engage in "robust averaging"by down-weighting extreme perceptual evidence, akin to a statistician excluding outlying data. Furthermore, observers adapt to contexts with more unreliable evidence by increasing this down-weighting strategy. Here, we test the hypothesis that hallucination-prone individuals (n=38 high vs n=91 low) would show a decrease in this robust averaging and diminished sensitivity to changes in evidence variance. Study Design: We used a multielement perceptual averaging task to elicit dichotomous judgments about the "average color"(red/blue) of an array of stimuli in trials with varied strength (mean) and reliability (variance) of decision-relevant perceptual evidence. We fitted computational models to task behavior, with a focus on a log-posterior-ratio (LPR) model which integrates evidence as a function of the log odds of each perceptual option and produces a robust averaging effect. Study Results: Hallucination-prone individuals demonstrated less robust averaging, seeming to weigh inlying and outlying extreme or untrustworthy evidence more equally. Furthermore, the model that integrated evidence as a function of the LPR of the two perceptual options and produced robust averaging showed poorer fit for the group prone to hallucinations. Finally, the weighting strategy in hallucination-prone individuals remained insensitive to evidence variance. Conclusions: Our findings provide empirical support for theoretical proposals regarding evidence integration aberrations in psychosis and alterations in the perceptual systems that track statistical regularities in environmental stimuli.</p> | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | Oxford University Press | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Schizophrenia Bulletin: The Journal of Psychoses and Related Disorders | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | adaptive gain | - |
dc.subject | computational modeling | - |
dc.subject | liberal acceptance | - |
dc.subject | perceptual averaging | - |
dc.subject | psychosis | - |
dc.subject | schizotypy | - |
dc.title | Hallucination-Proneness is Associated with a Decrease in Robust Averaging of Perceptual Evidence | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1093/schbul/sbad129 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 37622401 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85181395864 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 50 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 1 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | 59 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | 68 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1745-1701 | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 0586-7614 | - |