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Article: Diabetes with poor-control HbA1c is cardiovascular disease 'risk equivalent' for mortality: UK Biobank and Hong Kong population-based cohort study

TitleDiabetes with poor-control HbA1c is cardiovascular disease 'risk equivalent' for mortality: UK Biobank and Hong Kong population-based cohort study
Authors
KeywordsGlycemic Control
Mortality
Type 2 Diabetes
Issue Date2023
Citation
BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 2023, v. 11, n. 1, article no. 003075 How to Cite?
AbstractIntroduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered a coronary heart disease 'risk equivalent' for future mortality, but significant heterogeneity exists across people with T2DM. This study aims to determine the risk of all-cause mortality of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and T2DM in UK and Hong Kong, with stratifications for hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) concentrations, compared with those without CVD and diabetes mellitus. Research design and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 3 839 391 adults from Hong Kong and a prospective cohort study of 497 779 adults from the UK Biobank. Individuals were divided into seven disease groups: (1) no T2DM and CVD, (2) T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, (3) T2DM only with HbA1c 7%-7.9%, (4) T2DM only with HbA1c 8%-8.9%, (5) T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, (6) CVD only, and (7) T2DM and CVD. Differences in all-cause mortality between groups were examined using Cox regression. Results After around 10 years of median follow-up, 423 818 and 19 844 deaths were identified in the Hong Kong cohort and UK Biobank, respectively. Compared with individuals without T2DM and CVD, the adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in the other six disease groups for the Hong Kong cohort was 1.25 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.27) for T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, 1.21 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.23) for T2DM only with HbA1c 7%-7.9%, 1.36 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.39) for T2DM only with HbA1c 8%-8.9%, 1.82 (95% CI 1.78 to 1.85) for T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, 1.37 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.38) for CVD only, and 1.83 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.85) for T2DM and CVD, and for the UK Biobank the HR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.58), 1.50 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.70), 1.72 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.08), 2.51 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.08), 1.67 (95% CI 1.59 to 1.75) and 2.62 (95% CI 2.42 to 2.83), respectively. This indicates that patients with T2DM had an increased risk of mortality compared with those without T2DM and CVD, and in those with HbA1c ≥9% an even higher risk than people with CVD. Conclusions Patients with T2DM with poor HbA1c control (8%-8.9% and ≥9%) were associated with similar and higher risk of mortality compared with patients with CVD, respectively. Optimal HbA1c, controlled for risk reduction and prevention of mortality and complications in diabetes management, remains important.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/345300
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorWan, Eric Yuk Fai-
dc.contributor.authorYu, Esther Yee Tak-
dc.contributor.authorMak, Ivy Lynn-
dc.contributor.authorYoun, Hin Moi-
dc.contributor.authorChan, Kam Suen-
dc.contributor.authorChan, Esther W.Y.-
dc.contributor.authorWong, Ian C.K.-
dc.contributor.authorLam, Cindy Lo Kuen-
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-15T09:26:29Z-
dc.date.available2024-08-15T09:26:29Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.citationBMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 2023, v. 11, n. 1, article no. 003075-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/345300-
dc.description.abstractIntroduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered a coronary heart disease 'risk equivalent' for future mortality, but significant heterogeneity exists across people with T2DM. This study aims to determine the risk of all-cause mortality of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and T2DM in UK and Hong Kong, with stratifications for hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) concentrations, compared with those without CVD and diabetes mellitus. Research design and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 3 839 391 adults from Hong Kong and a prospective cohort study of 497 779 adults from the UK Biobank. Individuals were divided into seven disease groups: (1) no T2DM and CVD, (2) T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, (3) T2DM only with HbA1c 7%-7.9%, (4) T2DM only with HbA1c 8%-8.9%, (5) T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, (6) CVD only, and (7) T2DM and CVD. Differences in all-cause mortality between groups were examined using Cox regression. Results After around 10 years of median follow-up, 423 818 and 19 844 deaths were identified in the Hong Kong cohort and UK Biobank, respectively. Compared with individuals without T2DM and CVD, the adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in the other six disease groups for the Hong Kong cohort was 1.25 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.27) for T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, 1.21 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.23) for T2DM only with HbA1c 7%-7.9%, 1.36 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.39) for T2DM only with HbA1c 8%-8.9%, 1.82 (95% CI 1.78 to 1.85) for T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, 1.37 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.38) for CVD only, and 1.83 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.85) for T2DM and CVD, and for the UK Biobank the HR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.58), 1.50 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.70), 1.72 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.08), 2.51 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.08), 1.67 (95% CI 1.59 to 1.75) and 2.62 (95% CI 2.42 to 2.83), respectively. This indicates that patients with T2DM had an increased risk of mortality compared with those without T2DM and CVD, and in those with HbA1c ≥9% an even higher risk than people with CVD. Conclusions Patients with T2DM with poor HbA1c control (8%-8.9% and ≥9%) were associated with similar and higher risk of mortality compared with patients with CVD, respectively. Optimal HbA1c, controlled for risk reduction and prevention of mortality and complications in diabetes management, remains important.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.relation.ispartofBMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care-
dc.subjectGlycemic Control-
dc.subjectMortality-
dc.subjectType 2 Diabetes-
dc.titleDiabetes with poor-control HbA1c is cardiovascular disease 'risk equivalent' for mortality: UK Biobank and Hong Kong population-based cohort study-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003075-
dc.identifier.pmid36634978-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85146195102-
dc.identifier.volume11-
dc.identifier.issue1-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 003075-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 003075-
dc.identifier.eissn2052-4897-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000914857300001-

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