Risk factors for radiation induced lymphopenia in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy

Abstract

<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate radiation-induced lymphopenia and its potential risk factors in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Breast cancer patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) at our hospital with peripheral lymphocyte counts (PLC) at pre-and immediately after RT (post-RT) were eligible. The primary endpoints were any grade of lymphopenia post-RT and nadir-PLC/pre-PLC <0.8. Patient characteristics, tumor factors, and treatment factors were collected for risk assessment. Data are presented as mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) unless otherwise specified. Matched analysis was used to compare the statistical significance between different RT techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 735 consecutive patients met the study criteria. The mean PLC was 1.58×10⁹/L before and 0.99×10⁹/L post-RT (P<0.001). At the end of RT, 60.5% of patients had lymphopenia. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyses showed that RT technique involving RapidArc, mean lung dose, and chemotherapy were significant risk factors (P<0.05) for lymphopenia. RT technique was the only significant risk factor (P<0.05) for nadir-PLC/pre-PLC <0.8. Patients treated with RapidArc had a significantly greater reduction of PLC along with greater V5 of the lungs, even after matching mean lung dose and radiated volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lymphopenia is common in patients with breast cancer after adjuvant RT. RT technique is the only significant factor for lymphopenia and nadir-PLC/pre-PLC <0.8, suggesting the significance of RT technique choice to minimize lymphopenia and improve treatment outcomes.</p>