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- Publisher Website: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.11.078
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-84858705531
- PMID: 22341817
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Article: Melamine crystallization: Physicochemical properties, interactions with other lithogenic salts and response to therapeutic agents
Title | Melamine crystallization: Physicochemical properties, interactions with other lithogenic salts and response to therapeutic agents |
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Authors | |
Keywords | calculi crystallization kidney melamine People's Republic of China |
Issue Date | 2012 |
Citation | Journal of Urology, 2012, v. 187, n. 4, p. 1483-1490 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Purpose: There were reports of children in the People's Republic of China being hospitalized with renal stones and/or failure by September 2008, which were caused by melamine and its co-contaminant cyanurate. We investigated the physicochemical behavior of melamine, its interaction with other endogenous urine factors and the response to therapeutic agents in the renal environment in vitro. Materials and Methods: A mixed suspension, mixed product removal system was set up for crystallization studies of melamine in urine. Crystallization kinetic parameters, including the nucleation and growth rates, and suspension density, were determined according to crystal number and size, as measured by a Coulter particle counter. Results: Melamine crystallized out from urine under normal urinary conditions (pH 5.0 to 6.5) but crystallization was strongly inhibited at pH 4.5 or lower. Melamine significantly enhanced calcium oxalate precipitation while uric acid significantly decreased melamine crystallization. Bacteria mimicking urinary tract infection promoted melamine crystallization. Clinical relevant drugs, such as citrate and bicarbonate, significantly decreased melamine crystallization. Conclusions: This implies that melamine crystallizes under normal urinary conditions and can interact with other lithogenic salts and pose a significant risk for other stones. Urinary tract infection promotes melamine crystallization. Citrate and bicarbonate therapy are effective prophylactic agents against melamine induced crystallization. © 2012 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/343091 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 5.9 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.938 |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Poon, Ngork Wah | - |
dc.contributor.author | Gohel, Mayur Danny I. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lau, Clara | - |
dc.contributor.author | Hon, Ellis Kam Lun | - |
dc.contributor.author | Leung, Ping Chung | - |
dc.contributor.author | Ng, Chi Fai | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-05-10T09:05:22Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-05-10T09:05:22Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Journal of Urology, 2012, v. 187, n. 4, p. 1483-1490 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 0022-5347 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/343091 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Purpose: There were reports of children in the People's Republic of China being hospitalized with renal stones and/or failure by September 2008, which were caused by melamine and its co-contaminant cyanurate. We investigated the physicochemical behavior of melamine, its interaction with other endogenous urine factors and the response to therapeutic agents in the renal environment in vitro. Materials and Methods: A mixed suspension, mixed product removal system was set up for crystallization studies of melamine in urine. Crystallization kinetic parameters, including the nucleation and growth rates, and suspension density, were determined according to crystal number and size, as measured by a Coulter particle counter. Results: Melamine crystallized out from urine under normal urinary conditions (pH 5.0 to 6.5) but crystallization was strongly inhibited at pH 4.5 or lower. Melamine significantly enhanced calcium oxalate precipitation while uric acid significantly decreased melamine crystallization. Bacteria mimicking urinary tract infection promoted melamine crystallization. Clinical relevant drugs, such as citrate and bicarbonate, significantly decreased melamine crystallization. Conclusions: This implies that melamine crystallizes under normal urinary conditions and can interact with other lithogenic salts and pose a significant risk for other stones. Urinary tract infection promotes melamine crystallization. Citrate and bicarbonate therapy are effective prophylactic agents against melamine induced crystallization. © 2012 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Journal of Urology | - |
dc.subject | calculi | - |
dc.subject | crystallization | - |
dc.subject | kidney | - |
dc.subject | melamine | - |
dc.subject | People's Republic of China | - |
dc.title | Melamine crystallization: Physicochemical properties, interactions with other lithogenic salts and response to therapeutic agents | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | link_to_subscribed_fulltext | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.juro.2011.11.078 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 22341817 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-84858705531 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 187 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 4 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | 1483 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | 1490 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1527-3792 | - |