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Article: Association between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac

TitleAssociation between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac
Authors
Issue Date27-Mar-2024
PublisherMDPI
Citation
Vaccines, 2024, v. 12, n. 4 How to Cite?
Abstract

Background: Neutralizing antibody level wanes with time after COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to study the relationship between baseline gut microbiota and immunogenicity after three doses of CoronaVac. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study recruiting three-dose CoronaVac recipients from two centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were collected at baseline and one year post-first dose for virus microneutralization (vMN) assays to determine neutralization titers. The primary outcome was high immune response (defined as with vMN titer ≥ 40). Shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing of baseline fecal samples identified potential bacterial species and metabolic pathways using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify high response predictors. Results: In total, 36 subjects were recruited (median age: 52.7 years [IQR: 47.9–56.4]; male: 14 [38.9%]), and 18 had low immune response at one year post-first dose vaccination. Eubacterium rectale (log10LDA score = 4.15, p = 0.001; relative abundance of 1.4% vs. 0, p = 0.002), Collinsella aerofaciens (log10LDA score = 3.31, p = 0.037; 0.39% vs. 0.18%, p = 0.038), and Streptococcus salivarius (log10LDA score = 2.79, p = 0.021; 0.05% vs. 0.02%, p = 0.022) were enriched in low responders. The aOR of high immune response with E. rectale, C. aerofaciens, and S. salivarius was 0.03 (95% CI: 9.56 × 10−4–0.32), 0.03 (95% CI: 4.47 × 10−4–0.59), and 10.19 (95% CI: 0.81–323.88), respectively. S. salivarius had a positive correlation with pathways enriched in high responders like incomplete reductive TCA cycle (log10LDA score = 2.23). C. aerofaciens similarly correlated with amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways. These pathways all showed anti-inflammation functions. Conclusion: E. rectale, C. aerofaciens, and S. salivarius correlated with poorer long-term immunogenicity following three doses of CoronaVac.


Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/342828
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 5.2
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.201

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Li-Na-
dc.contributor.authorTan, Jing-Tong-
dc.contributor.authorNg, Ho-Yu-
dc.contributor.authorLiao, Yun-Shi-
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Rui-Qi-
dc.contributor.authorChan, Kwok-Hung-
dc.contributor.authorHung, Ivan Fan-Ngai-
dc.contributor.authorLam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk-
dc.contributor.authorCheung, Ka-Shing-
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-02T03:06:10Z-
dc.date.available2024-05-02T03:06:10Z-
dc.date.issued2024-03-27-
dc.identifier.citationVaccines, 2024, v. 12, n. 4-
dc.identifier.issn2076-393X-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/342828-
dc.description.abstract<p>Background: Neutralizing antibody level wanes with time after COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to study the relationship between baseline gut microbiota and immunogenicity after three doses of CoronaVac. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study recruiting three-dose CoronaVac recipients from two centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were collected at baseline and one year post-first dose for virus microneutralization (vMN) assays to determine neutralization titers. The primary outcome was high immune response (defined as with vMN titer ≥ 40). Shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing of baseline fecal samples identified potential bacterial species and metabolic pathways using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify high response predictors. Results: In total, 36 subjects were recruited (median age: 52.7 years [IQR: 47.9–56.4]; male: 14 [38.9%]), and 18 had low immune response at one year post-first dose vaccination. Eubacterium rectale (log<sub>10</sub>LDA score = 4.15, p = 0.001; relative abundance of 1.4% vs. 0, p = 0.002), Collinsella aerofaciens (log<sub>10</sub>LDA score = 3.31, p = 0.037; 0.39% vs. 0.18%, p = 0.038), and Streptococcus salivarius (log<sub>10</sub>LDA score = 2.79, p = 0.021; 0.05% vs. 0.02%, p = 0.022) were enriched in low responders. The aOR of high immune response with E. rectale, C. aerofaciens, and S. salivarius was 0.03 (95% CI: 9.56 × 10<sup>−4</sup>–0.32), 0.03 (95% CI: 4.47 × 10<sup>−4</sup>–0.59), and 10.19 (95% CI: 0.81–323.88), respectively. S. salivarius had a positive correlation with pathways enriched in high responders like incomplete reductive TCA cycle (log<sub>10</sub>LDA score = 2.23). C. aerofaciens similarly correlated with amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways. These pathways all showed anti-inflammation functions. Conclusion: E. rectale, C. aerofaciens, and S. salivarius correlated with poorer long-term immunogenicity following three doses of CoronaVac.</p>-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherMDPI-
dc.relation.ispartofVaccines-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.titleAssociation between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.description.naturepreprint-
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/vaccines12040365-
dc.identifier.volume12-
dc.identifier.issue4-
dc.identifier.eissn2076-393X-
dc.identifier.issnl2076-393X-

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