Mechanism and application of modified bioelectrochemical system anodes made of carbon nanomaterial for the removal of heavy metals from soil

Abstract

<p>Bioelectrochemical techniques are quick, efficient, and sustainable alternatives for treating heavy metal soils. The use of carbon <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/nanomaterial" title="Learn more about nanomaterials from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">nanomaterials</a> in combination with electroactive <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/micro-organism" title="Learn more about microorganisms from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">microorganisms</a> can create a conductive network that mediates long-distance <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/electron-transfer" title="Learn more about electron transfer from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">electron transfer</a> in an electrode system, thereby resolving the issue of low <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/electron-transfer" title="Learn more about electron transfer from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">electron transfer</a> efficiency in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/soil-remediation" title="Learn more about soil remediation from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">soil remediation</a>. As a multifunctional soil heavy metal remediation technology, its application in organic remediation has matured, and numerous studies have demonstrated its potential for soil heavy metal remediation. This is a ground-breaking method for remediating soils polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals using soil microbial <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/electrochemistry" title="Learn more about electrochemistry from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">electrochemistry</a>. This review summarizes the use of bioelectrochemical systems with modified anode materials for the remediation of soils with high heavy metal concentrations by discussing the mass-transfer mechanism of electrochemically active <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/micro-organism" title="Learn more about microorganisms from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">microorganisms</a> in bioelectrochemical systems, focusing on the suitability of carbon <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/nanomaterial" title="Learn more about nanomaterials from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">nanomaterials</a> and acidophilic bacteria. Finally, we discuss the emerging limitations of bioelectrochemical systems, and future research efforts to improve their performance and facilitate practical applications. The mass-transfer mechanism of electrochemically active microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems emphasizes the suitability of carbon nanomaterials and acidophilic bacteria for remediating soils polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals. We conclude by discussing present and future research initiatives for bioelectrochemical systems to enhance their performance and facilitate practical applications. As a result, this study can close any gaps in the development of bioelectrochemical systems and guide their practical application in remediating heavy-metal-contaminated soils.<br></p>