公共領域與文藝報刊：晚清烏托邦話語形成之考察

Abstract

<p>This paper takes the utopian fiction in Late Qing Dynasty as a discursive formation，and investigates its production and operational mode of the utopian discourse． The paper examines how literary journals and newspapers served as a channel for the operation of the utopian discourse in the Chinese public sphere． By revising Habermas’s notion of the public sphere，Rudolf Wagner is able to redefine Chinese public sphere and discovers that the structure of Chinese public sphere is constructed by the top and the bottom strata of the society． In light of Wagner’s theorization，the paper takes the utopian novels as a form of public opinion and the literary journals and newspapers as a media of public sphere． The paper singles out two fiction journals，Monthly Fiction and Racing Independent Club Fiction Monthly，as the object of study，and examines the vertical relationship between the utopian novels published and the Qing court． The paper demonstrates how the imagination of a future China is represented in these utopian fictional writings as a constructed concept，and concludes that the production of the public opinion can become a new approach to study the formation of utopian discourse in Late Qing Dynasty.<br></p>

本文旨在分析晚清乌托邦小说作为一个“话语形构”的产生过程，讨论生产这个“乌托邦话语”的操作模式: “公 共领域”与文艺报刊的关系。瓦格纳( Rudolf Wagner) 依据近代中国历史语境，重新厘定哈贝马斯( Jurgen Habermas) “公 共领域”的概念，敏锐地指出近代中国公共领域的结构是由上层( 清廷) 至下层( 平民) 所组成。依据上述的理论框架，本 文讨论晚清乌托邦小说是如何作为一种舆论工具，连同文艺报刊是如何作为舆论平台的问题。本文以《月月小说》及 《竞立社小说月报》出版的乌托邦小说为研究对象，分析它们与清廷上层对话的关系。由此展示“新中国”是如何在叙述 过程之中成为一个被建构的概念。这种展示舆论的生产过程，将成为研究晚清“乌托邦话语”形成之另一途径。