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- Publisher Website: 10.1287/msom.2022.1134
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-85183008182
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Article: Intertemporal Pricing via Nonparametric Estimation: Integrating Reference Effects and Consumer Heterogeneity
Title | Intertemporal Pricing via Nonparametric Estimation: Integrating Reference Effects and Consumer Heterogeneity |
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Authors | |
Keywords | consumer heterogeneity data-driven intertemporal pricing nonparametric estimation online retailing reference effect |
Issue Date | 1-Jan-2023 |
Publisher | Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences |
Citation | Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2023, v. 26, n. 1, p. 28-46 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Problem definition: We consider intertemporal pricing in the presence of reference effects and consumer heterogeneity. Our research question encompasses how to estimate heterogeneous consumer reference effects from data and how to efficiently compute the optimal pricing policy. Academic/practical relevance: Understanding reference effects is essential for designing pricing policies in modern retailing. Our work contributes to this area by incorporating consumer heterogeneity under arbitrary distributions. Methodology: We propose a mixed logit demand model that allows arbitrary joint distributions of valuations, responsiveness to prices, and responsiveness to reference prices among consumers. We use a nonparametric estimation method to learn consumer heterogeneity from transaction data. Further, we formulate the pricing optimization as an infinite horizon dynamic programming problem and solve it by applying a modified policy iteration algorithm. Results: Moreover, we investigate the structure of optimal pricing policies and prove the suboptimality of constant pricing policies even when all consumers are loss-averse according to the classical definition. Our numerical studies show that our estimation and optimization framework improves the expected revenue of retailers via accounting for heterogeneity. We validate our model using real data from JD.com, a large E-commerce retailer, and find empirical evidence of consumer heterogeneity. Managerial implications: In practice, ignoring consumer heterogeneity may lead to a significant loss of revenue. Furthermore, heterogeneous reference effect offers a strong motive for promotions and price fluctuations. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/336545 |
ISSN | 2021 Impact Factor: 7.103 2020 SCImago Journal Rankings: 7.372 |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Jiang, H | - |
dc.contributor.author | Cao, J | - |
dc.contributor.author | Shen, ZJM | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-02-16T03:57:36Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-02-16T03:57:36Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2023-01-01 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2023, v. 26, n. 1, p. 28-46 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1523-4614 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/336545 | - |
dc.description.abstract | <p><strong><em>Problem definition</em>:</strong> We consider intertemporal pricing in the presence of reference effects and consumer heterogeneity. Our research question encompasses how to estimate heterogeneous consumer reference effects from data and how to efficiently compute the optimal pricing policy. <strong><em>Academic/practical relevance</em>:</strong> Understanding reference effects is essential for designing pricing policies in modern retailing. Our work contributes to this area by incorporating consumer heterogeneity under arbitrary distributions. <strong><em>Methodology</em>:</strong> We propose a mixed logit demand model that allows arbitrary joint distributions of valuations, responsiveness to prices, and responsiveness to reference prices among consumers. We use a nonparametric estimation method to learn consumer heterogeneity from transaction data. Further, we formulate the pricing optimization as an infinite horizon dynamic programming problem and solve it by applying a modified policy iteration algorithm. <strong><em>Results</em>:</strong> Moreover, we investigate the structure of optimal pricing policies and prove the suboptimality of constant pricing policies even when all consumers are loss-averse according to the classical definition. Our numerical studies show that our estimation and optimization framework improves the expected revenue of retailers via accounting for heterogeneity. We validate our model using real data from JD.com, a large E-commerce retailer, and find empirical evidence of consumer heterogeneity. <strong><em>Managerial implications</em>:</strong> In practice, ignoring consumer heterogeneity may lead to a significant loss of revenue. Furthermore, heterogeneous reference effect offers a strong motive for promotions and price fluctuations.</p> | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Manufacturing & Service Operations Management | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | consumer heterogeneity | - |
dc.subject | data-driven | - |
dc.subject | intertemporal pricing | - |
dc.subject | nonparametric estimation | - |
dc.subject | online retailing | - |
dc.subject | reference effect | - |
dc.title | Intertemporal Pricing via Nonparametric Estimation: Integrating Reference Effects and Consumer Heterogeneity | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1287/msom.2022.1134 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85183008182 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 26 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 1 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | 28 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | 46 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1526-5498 | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 1523-4614 | - |