Salivary biochemical assessments to determine smoking cessation under smoking cessation program

Abstract

The study aim was to investigate the potential of salivary biochemical assessments to determine smoking cessation in patients under smoking cessation programs. The study validated smoking behavior and degree of nicotine dependence using Fagerström test for nicotine dependence in smokers and non-smokers. Protein components were examined using Raman spectroscopy. Salivary matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) levels were analyzed using Quantikine human total MMP-8 immunoassay-kits. Thiocyanate (SCN−) concentrations, peroxidase and glutathione-peroxidase activities were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Human mononuclear cell line was examined for M1 polarization. The data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and two-tailed paired t-test at α = 0.05. Amide I peak in smoker group was significantly reduced as compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). Sulfhydryl bond, dialkyl disulfides SS-stretch and corresponding disulphide bond at 500−545 cm-1 were significantly increased in smokers (p < 0.05). The CH2 wag showed higher intensity amongst smoker group representing a recoil of carbon atoms. Salivary MMP-8 levels of participants after smoking cessation was significantly lower than smoking salivary levels (p < 0.05). The SCN− and peroxidase concentrations were significantly higher in smoking group whereas an M1 polarization was seen in non-smokers. Salivary biochemical analysis can aid clinicians to verify smoking cessation in patients under smoking cessation programs.