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- Publisher Website: 10.1039/C9RA00765B
- Scopus: eid_2-s2.0-85064265605
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Article: Rechargeable aluminum batteries: effects of cations in ionic liquid electrolytes
Title | Rechargeable aluminum batteries: effects of cations in ionic liquid electrolytes |
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Authors | |
Issue Date | 2019 |
Citation | RSC Advances, 2019, v. 9, n. 20, p. 11322-11330 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are solvent-free liquids comprised of densely packed cations and anions. The low vapor pressure and low flammability make ILs interesting for electrolytes in batteries. In this work, a new class of ionic liquids were formed for rechargeable aluminum/graphite battery electrolytes by mixing 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium chloride (Py13Cl) with various ratios of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (AlCl3/Py13Cl molar ratio = 1.4 to 1.7). Fundamental properties of the ionic liquids, including density, viscosity, conductivity, anion concentrations and electrolyte ion percent were investigated and compared with the previously investigated 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC-AlCl3) ionic liquids. The results showed that the Py13Cl-AlCl3 ionic liquid exhibited lower density, higher viscosity and lower conductivity than its EMIC-AlCl3 counterpart. We devised a Raman scattering spectroscopy method probing ILs over a Si substrate, and by using the Si Raman scattering peak for normalization, we quantified speciation including AlCl4−, Al2Cl7−, and larger AlCl3 related species with the general formula (AlCl3)n in different IL electrolytes. We found that larger (AlCl3)n species existed only in the Py13Cl-AlCl3 system. We propose that the larger cationic size of Py13+ (142 Å3) versus EMI+ (118 Å3) dictated the differences in the chemical and physical properties of the two ionic liquids. Both ionic liquids were used as electrolytes for aluminum-graphite batteries, with the performances of batteries compared. The chloroaluminate anion-graphite charging capacity and cycling stability of the two batteries were similar. The Py13Cl-AlCl3 based battery showed a slightly larger overpotential than EMIC-AlCl3, leading to lower energy efficiency resulting from higher viscosity and lower conductivity. The results here provide fundamental insights into ionic liquid electrolyte design for optimal battery performance. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/334587 |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Zhu, Guanzhou | - |
dc.contributor.author | Angell, Michael | - |
dc.contributor.author | Pan, Chun Jern | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lin, Meng Chang | - |
dc.contributor.author | Chen, Hui | - |
dc.contributor.author | Huang, Chen Jui | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lin, Jinuan | - |
dc.contributor.author | Achazi, Andreas J. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kaghazchi, Payam | - |
dc.contributor.author | Hwang, Bing Joe | - |
dc.contributor.author | Dai, Hongjie | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-10-20T06:49:12Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-10-20T06:49:12Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | RSC Advances, 2019, v. 9, n. 20, p. 11322-11330 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/334587 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are solvent-free liquids comprised of densely packed cations and anions. The low vapor pressure and low flammability make ILs interesting for electrolytes in batteries. In this work, a new class of ionic liquids were formed for rechargeable aluminum/graphite battery electrolytes by mixing 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium chloride (Py13Cl) with various ratios of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (AlCl3/Py13Cl molar ratio = 1.4 to 1.7). Fundamental properties of the ionic liquids, including density, viscosity, conductivity, anion concentrations and electrolyte ion percent were investigated and compared with the previously investigated 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC-AlCl3) ionic liquids. The results showed that the Py13Cl-AlCl3 ionic liquid exhibited lower density, higher viscosity and lower conductivity than its EMIC-AlCl3 counterpart. We devised a Raman scattering spectroscopy method probing ILs over a Si substrate, and by using the Si Raman scattering peak for normalization, we quantified speciation including AlCl4−, Al2Cl7−, and larger AlCl3 related species with the general formula (AlCl3)n in different IL electrolytes. We found that larger (AlCl3)n species existed only in the Py13Cl-AlCl3 system. We propose that the larger cationic size of Py13+ (142 Å3) versus EMI+ (118 Å3) dictated the differences in the chemical and physical properties of the two ionic liquids. Both ionic liquids were used as electrolytes for aluminum-graphite batteries, with the performances of batteries compared. The chloroaluminate anion-graphite charging capacity and cycling stability of the two batteries were similar. The Py13Cl-AlCl3 based battery showed a slightly larger overpotential than EMIC-AlCl3, leading to lower energy efficiency resulting from higher viscosity and lower conductivity. The results here provide fundamental insights into ionic liquid electrolyte design for optimal battery performance. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | RSC Advances | - |
dc.title | Rechargeable aluminum batteries: effects of cations in ionic liquid electrolytes | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | link_to_subscribed_fulltext | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1039/C9RA00765B | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85064265605 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 9 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 20 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | 11322 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | 11330 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2046-2069 | - |