A novel glass ionomer cement with silver zeolite for restorative dentistry

Abstract

<h3>Objective</h3><p>To develop an antimicrobial silver zeolite <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/glass-ionomer-cement" title="Learn more about glass ionomer cement from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">glass ionomer cement</a> (SZ-GIC) and determine its biocompatibility, physical, adhesive and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/antibacterial-activity" title="Learn more about antibacterial properties from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">antibacterial properties</a>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/silver-nitrate" title="Learn more about Silver nitrate from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Silver nitrate</a> and sodium zeolite were used to synthesize silver zeolite (SZ). SZ-GICs were prepared by incorporating SZ into GIC at 5% (SZ-GIC5), 2% (SZ-GIC2), or 1% (SZ-GIC1) by weight, respectively. The SZ-GICs were characterized by evaluating surface morphology, topography and elemental composition. SZ-GICs’ biocompatibility was assessed by evaluating cell cytotoxicity. Their physical properties were determined by testing setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility. Their adhesive property was assessed by evaluating micro-tensile bond strength. Their antibacterial properties were assessed by evaluating biofilm growth kinetic, metabolic activity, viability and morphology. GIC was used as a control.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>SZ was a three-dimensional crystalline mineral. SZ-GICs (including SZ-GIC 5, 2 and 1) showed similar surface morphology and topography to GIC. SZ-GIC1 and GIC had no difference in cell cytotoxicity (<em>p>0.05</em>). SZ-GICs and GIC showed no difference in setting time (<em>p>0.05</em>). SZ-GICs had higher compressive and flexural strength than GIC (<em>p<0.05)</em>. SZ-GIC2 and SZ-GIC1 showed lower water sorption and solubility than GIC (<em>p<0.05</em>). SZ-GICs had higher micro-tensile bond strength than GIC (<em>p<0.05</em>). Biofilms on SZ-GICs’ surfaces showed lower colony-forming units, decreased metabolic activities, higher percentages of dead cells and more ruptured <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bacterial-cell" title="Learn more about bacterial cells from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">bacterial cells</a> compared with those on GIC.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>SZ-GIC with silver zeolite at 1% by weight are as biocompatible as conventional GIC. The SZ-GICs have enhanced physical, adhesive and antibacterial properties than GIC.</p><h3>Clinical significance</h3><p>A silver zeolite glass ionomer cement was developed. The SZ-GICs have great potential for <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/caries-prevention" title="Learn more about caries prevention from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">caries prevention</a> and management.</p>