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Article: Insufficient ventilation led to a probable long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on two buses

TitleInsufficient ventilation led to a probable long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on two buses
Authors
KeywordsCOVID-19
Public transport
SARS-CoV-2 infection
Airborne transmission
Ventilation requirement
Issue Date2022
PublisherPergamon. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv
Citation
Building and Environment, 2022, v. 207 n. pt A, p. article no. 108414 How to Cite?
AbstractUncertainty remains on the threshold of ventilation rate in airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed a COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Hunan Province, China, involving an infected 24-year-old man, Mr. X, taking two subsequent buses, B1 and B2, in the same afternoon. We investigated the possibility of airborne transmission and the ventilation conditions for its occurrence. The ventilation rates on the buses were measured using a tracer-concentration decay method with the original driver on the original route. We measured and calculated the spread of the exhaled virus-laden droplet tracer from the suspected index case. Ten additional passengers were found to be infected, with seven of them (including one asymptomatic) on B1 and two on B2 when Mr. X was present, and one passenger infected on the subsequent B1 trip. B1 and B2 had time-averaged ventilation rates of approximately 1.7 and 3.2 L/s per person, respectively. The difference in ventilation rates and exposure time could explain why B1 had a higher attack rate than B2. Airborne transmission due to poor ventilation below 3.2 L/s played a role in this two-bus outbreak of COVID-19.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/309861
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 7.1
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.647
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorOu, C-
dc.contributor.authorHu, S-
dc.contributor.authorLuo, K-
dc.contributor.authorYang, H-
dc.contributor.authorHang, J-
dc.contributor.authorCHENG, P-
dc.contributor.authorHai, Z-
dc.contributor.authorXiao, S-
dc.contributor.authorQian, H-
dc.contributor.authorXiao, S-
dc.contributor.authorJing, X-
dc.contributor.authorXie, Z-
dc.contributor.authorLing, H-
dc.contributor.authorLiu, L-
dc.contributor.authorGao, L-
dc.contributor.authorDeng, Q-
dc.contributor.authorCowling, BJ-
dc.contributor.authorLi, Y-
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-10T09:14:53Z-
dc.date.available2022-01-10T09:14:53Z-
dc.date.issued2022-
dc.identifier.citationBuilding and Environment, 2022, v. 207 n. pt A, p. article no. 108414-
dc.identifier.issn0360-1323-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/309861-
dc.description.abstractUncertainty remains on the threshold of ventilation rate in airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed a COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Hunan Province, China, involving an infected 24-year-old man, Mr. X, taking two subsequent buses, B1 and B2, in the same afternoon. We investigated the possibility of airborne transmission and the ventilation conditions for its occurrence. The ventilation rates on the buses were measured using a tracer-concentration decay method with the original driver on the original route. We measured and calculated the spread of the exhaled virus-laden droplet tracer from the suspected index case. Ten additional passengers were found to be infected, with seven of them (including one asymptomatic) on B1 and two on B2 when Mr. X was present, and one passenger infected on the subsequent B1 trip. B1 and B2 had time-averaged ventilation rates of approximately 1.7 and 3.2 L/s per person, respectively. The difference in ventilation rates and exposure time could explain why B1 had a higher attack rate than B2. Airborne transmission due to poor ventilation below 3.2 L/s played a role in this two-bus outbreak of COVID-19.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherPergamon. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv-
dc.relation.ispartofBuilding and Environment-
dc.subjectCOVID-19-
dc.subjectPublic transport-
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2 infection-
dc.subjectAirborne transmission-
dc.subjectVentilation requirement-
dc.titleInsufficient ventilation led to a probable long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on two buses-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailCowling, BJ: bcowling@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailLi, Y: liyg@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityCowling, BJ=rp01326-
dc.identifier.authorityLi, Y=rp00151-
dc.description.naturelink_to_OA_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108414-
dc.identifier.pmid34629689-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC8487323-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85116682042-
dc.identifier.hkuros331424-
dc.identifier.volume207-
dc.identifier.issuept A-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 108414-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 108414-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000711752300001-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Kingdom-

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