能源互联网中的区块链技术：研究框架与典型应用初探

Abstract

区块链技术作为一种分布式共享数据库技术在各领域的应用研究方兴未艾。区块链技术的去中心化、透明性、公平性以及公开性与能源互联网理念相吻合,其在能源互联网中的应用也将进一步推动能源互联网的建设。首先,介绍了区块链技术的基本原理和特性;然后,从功能、主体、属性等3个维度对区块链技术在能源互联网中的应用进行了归纳和分析,从能量、信息以及价值的角度,阐述了区块链技术对能源互联网中源、网、荷、储等不同主体在计量认证、市场交易、协同组织、能源金融不同环节中发挥的作用;在此基础上,以碳排放权认证、信息物理系统安全、虚拟发电资源交易以及多能源系统协同4个场景为例说明了区块链技术在能源互联网中的具体应用方式;最后,对区块链技术在能源互联网中面临的挑战进行了分析和总结。

Blockchain is a distributed sharing database technology. Its applications are in the ascendant in various fields. The characteristics of blockchain technique, decentralization, transparency, fairness and openness, are consistent with the spirit of Energy Internet. The blockchain technique would therefore substantially contribute to the implementation of Energy Internet. The basic principle and characteristics of blockchain technique were firstly introduced. The possible applications of blockchain in Energy Internet were then analyzed from three dimensions-function, entity and property. Four functions of blockchain, the measurement and authentication, trading, coordinating and financing, were elaborated on different entities of Energy Internet including generation, transmission, consumption and storage, from the prospective of energy, information and value. Four specific scenarios were designed to further illustrate its application, including authentication of carbon emission right, securing cyber-physical system, trading virtual power resources, and coordinating multi-energy system. Finally, the challenges of blockchain technique faced in the Energy Internet were summarized.