File Download
  Links for fulltext
     (May Require Subscription)
Supplementary

Article: Validation of the apple watch for estimating noderate-to-vigorous physical activity and activity energy expenditure in school-sged children

TitleValidation of the apple watch for estimating noderate-to-vigorous physical activity and activity energy expenditure in school-sged children
Authors
Keywordsmoderate-to-vigorous physical activity
active energy expenditure
Apple Watch
children
Issue Date2021
PublisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.net/sensors
Citation
Sensors, 2021, v. 21 n. 19, p. article no. 6413 How to Cite?
AbstractThe Apple Watch is one of the most popular wearable devices designed to monitor physical activity (PA). However, it is currently unknown whether the Apple Watch accurately estimates children’s free-living PA. Therefore, this study assessed the concurrent validity of the Apple Watch 3 in estimating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time and active energy expenditure (AEE) for school-aged children under a simulated and a free-living condition. Twenty elementary school students (Girls: 45%, age: 9.7 ± 2.0 years) wore an Apple Watch 3 device on their wrist and performed prescribed free-living activities in a lab setting. A subgroup of participants (N = 5) wore the Apple Watch for seven consecutive days in order to assess the validity in free-living condition. The K5 indirect calorimetry (K5) and GT3X+ were used as the criterion measure under simulated free-living and free-living conditions, respectively. Mean absolute percent errors (MAPE) and Bland-Altman (BA) plots were conducted to assess the validity of the Apple Watch 3 compared to those from the criterion measures. Equivalence testing determined the statistical equivalence between the Apple Watch and K5 for MVPA time and AEE. The Apple Watch provided comparable estimates for MVPA time (mean bias: 0.3 min, p = 0.91, MAPE: 1%) and for AEE (mean bias: 3.8 kcal min, p = 0.75, MAPE: 4%) during the simulated free-living condition. The BA plots indicated no systematic bias for the agreement in MVPA and AEE estimates between the K5 and Apple Watch 3. However, the Apple Watch had a relatively large variability in estimating AEE in children. The Apple Watch was statistically equivalent to the K5 within ±17.7% and ±20.8% for MVPA time and AEE estimates, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Apple Watch 3 has the potential to be used as a PA assessment tool to estimate MVPA in school-aged children.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/308365
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 3.4
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.786
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorKwon, S-
dc.contributor.authorKim, Y-
dc.contributor.authorBai, Y-
dc.contributor.authorBurns, RD-
dc.contributor.authorBrusseau, TA-
dc.contributor.authorByun, W-
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-01T07:52:23Z-
dc.date.available2021-12-01T07:52:23Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.citationSensors, 2021, v. 21 n. 19, p. article no. 6413-
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/308365-
dc.description.abstractThe Apple Watch is one of the most popular wearable devices designed to monitor physical activity (PA). However, it is currently unknown whether the Apple Watch accurately estimates children’s free-living PA. Therefore, this study assessed the concurrent validity of the Apple Watch 3 in estimating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time and active energy expenditure (AEE) for school-aged children under a simulated and a free-living condition. Twenty elementary school students (Girls: 45%, age: 9.7 ± 2.0 years) wore an Apple Watch 3 device on their wrist and performed prescribed free-living activities in a lab setting. A subgroup of participants (N = 5) wore the Apple Watch for seven consecutive days in order to assess the validity in free-living condition. The K5 indirect calorimetry (K5) and GT3X+ were used as the criterion measure under simulated free-living and free-living conditions, respectively. Mean absolute percent errors (MAPE) and Bland-Altman (BA) plots were conducted to assess the validity of the Apple Watch 3 compared to those from the criterion measures. Equivalence testing determined the statistical equivalence between the Apple Watch and K5 for MVPA time and AEE. The Apple Watch provided comparable estimates for MVPA time (mean bias: 0.3 min, p = 0.91, MAPE: 1%) and for AEE (mean bias: 3.8 kcal min, p = 0.75, MAPE: 4%) during the simulated free-living condition. The BA plots indicated no systematic bias for the agreement in MVPA and AEE estimates between the K5 and Apple Watch 3. However, the Apple Watch had a relatively large variability in estimating AEE in children. The Apple Watch was statistically equivalent to the K5 within ±17.7% and ±20.8% for MVPA time and AEE estimates, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Apple Watch 3 has the potential to be used as a PA assessment tool to estimate MVPA in school-aged children.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.net/sensors-
dc.relation.ispartofSensors-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.subjectmoderate-to-vigorous physical activity-
dc.subjectactive energy expenditure-
dc.subjectApple Watch-
dc.subjectchildren-
dc.titleValidation of the apple watch for estimating noderate-to-vigorous physical activity and activity energy expenditure in school-sged children-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailKim, Y: youngwon@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityKim, Y=rp02498-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21196413-
dc.identifier.pmid34640733-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC8512453-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85115644552-
dc.identifier.hkuros330496-
dc.identifier.volume21-
dc.identifier.issue19-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 6413-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 6413-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000707038000001-
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland-

Export via OAI-PMH Interface in XML Formats


OR


Export to Other Non-XML Formats