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Article: Language Signaling High Proportions and Generics Lead to Generalizing, but not Essentializing, for Novel Social Kinds

TitleLanguage Signaling High Proportions and Generics Lead to Generalizing, but not Essentializing, for Novel Social Kinds
Authors
KeywordsGenerics
Quantifiers
Essentializing
Stereotype
Prejudice
Issue Date2021
PublisherWiley on behalf of Cognitive Science Society. The Journal's web site is located at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15516709
Citation
Cognitive Science, Forthcoming How to Cite?
AbstractGenerics (e.g., “Dogs bark”) are thought by many to lead to essentializing: to assuming that members of the same category share an internal property that causally grounds shared behaviors and traits, even without evidence of such a shared property. Similarly, generics are thought to increase generalizing, that is, attributing properties to other members of the same group given evidence that some members of the group have the property. However, it is not clear from past research what underlies the capacity of generic language to increase essentializing and generalizing. Is it specific to generics, or are there broader mechanisms at work, such as the fact that generics are terms that signal high proportions? Study 1 (100 5-6 year-olds, 140 adults) found neither generics, nor high proportion quantifiers (“most”, “many”) elicited essentializing about a novel social kind (Zarpies). However, both generics and high proportion quantifiers led adults and, to a lesser extent, children, to generalize, with high proportion quantifiers doing so more than generics for adults. Specifics (“this”) did not protect against either essentializing or generalizing when compared to the quantifier “some.” Study 2 (100 5-6 year-olds, 112 adults) found neither generics nor visual imagery signaling high proportions led to essentializing. While generics increased generalizing compared to specifics and visual imagery signaling both low and high proportions for adults, there was no difference in generalizing for children. Our findings suggest high proportion quantifiers, including generics, lead adults, and to some extent children, to generalize, but not essentialize, about novel social kinds.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/306599
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.3
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.082

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorHoicka, E-
dc.contributor.authorSaul, J-
dc.contributor.authorProuten, E-
dc.contributor.authorWhitehead, L-
dc.contributor.authorSterken, R-
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-22T07:36:56Z-
dc.date.available2021-10-22T07:36:56Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.citationCognitive Science, Forthcoming-
dc.identifier.issn0364-0213-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/306599-
dc.description.abstractGenerics (e.g., “Dogs bark”) are thought by many to lead to essentializing: to assuming that members of the same category share an internal property that causally grounds shared behaviors and traits, even without evidence of such a shared property. Similarly, generics are thought to increase generalizing, that is, attributing properties to other members of the same group given evidence that some members of the group have the property. However, it is not clear from past research what underlies the capacity of generic language to increase essentializing and generalizing. Is it specific to generics, or are there broader mechanisms at work, such as the fact that generics are terms that signal high proportions? Study 1 (100 5-6 year-olds, 140 adults) found neither generics, nor high proportion quantifiers (“most”, “many”) elicited essentializing about a novel social kind (Zarpies). However, both generics and high proportion quantifiers led adults and, to a lesser extent, children, to generalize, with high proportion quantifiers doing so more than generics for adults. Specifics (“this”) did not protect against either essentializing or generalizing when compared to the quantifier “some.” Study 2 (100 5-6 year-olds, 112 adults) found neither generics nor visual imagery signaling high proportions led to essentializing. While generics increased generalizing compared to specifics and visual imagery signaling both low and high proportions for adults, there was no difference in generalizing for children. Our findings suggest high proportion quantifiers, including generics, lead adults, and to some extent children, to generalize, but not essentialize, about novel social kinds.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherWiley on behalf of Cognitive Science Society. The Journal's web site is located at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15516709-
dc.relation.ispartofCognitive Science-
dc.rightsSubmitted (preprint) Version This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: [FULL CITE], which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. Accepted (peer-reviewed) Version This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [FULL CITE], which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.-
dc.subjectGenerics-
dc.subjectQuantifiers-
dc.subjectEssentializing-
dc.subjectStereotype-
dc.subjectPrejudice-
dc.titleLanguage Signaling High Proportions and Generics Lead to Generalizing, but not Essentializing, for Novel Social Kinds-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailSterken, R: sterkenr@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authoritySterken, R=rp02715-
dc.identifier.hkuros329146-
dc.identifier.volumeForthcoming-
dc.publisher.placeUnited States-

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