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Article: Long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health among the general public: a nationwide longitudinal study in China

TitleLong-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health among the general public: a nationwide longitudinal study in China
Authors
KeywordsCOVID-19
mental health
longitudinal
China
Issue Date2021
PublisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.org/ijerph
Citation
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, v. 18 n. 16, p. article no. 8790 How to Cite?
AbstractCOVID-19 might have long-term mental health impacts. We aim to investigate the longitudinal changes in mental problems from initial COVID-19 peak to its aftermath among general public in China. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were assessed among a large-sample nationwide cohort of 10,492 adults during the initial COVID-19 peak (28 February 2020 to 11 March 2020) and its aftermath (8 July 2020 to 8 August 2020) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index. We used generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models to explore factors associated with long-term mental health symptoms during COVID-19. During the five months, mental health symptoms remained consistently elevated (baseline 46.4%; follow-up 45.1%). Long-term depression, anxiety and insomnia were associated with several personal and work-related factors including quarantine (adjusted OR for any mental health symptoms 1.31, 95%CI 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001), increases in work burden after resuming work (1.77, 1.65–1.90, p < 0.001), occupational exposure risk to COVID-19 (1.26, 1.14–1.40, p < 0.001) and living in places severely affected by initial COVID-19 peak (1.21, 1.04–1.41, p = 0.01) or by a COVID-19 resurgence (1.38, 1.26–1.50, p < 0.001). Compliance with self-protection measures, such as wearing face masks (0.74, 0.61–0.90, p = 0.003), was associated with lower long-term risk of mental problems. The findings reveal a pronounced and prolonged mental health burden from the initial COVID-19 peak through to its aftermath in China. We should regularly monitor the mental health status of vulnerable populations throughout COVID-19.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/305885
ISSN
2019 Impact Factor: 2.849
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.808
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorShi, L-
dc.contributor.authorLu, ZA-
dc.contributor.authorQue, JY-
dc.contributor.authorHuang, XL-
dc.contributor.authorLu, QD-
dc.contributor.authorLiu, L-
dc.contributor.authorZheng, YB-
dc.contributor.authorLiu, WJ-
dc.contributor.authorRan, MS-
dc.contributor.authorYuan, K-
dc.contributor.authorYan, W-
dc.contributor.authorSun, YK-
dc.contributor.authorSun, SW-
dc.contributor.authorShi, J-
dc.contributor.authorKosten, T-
dc.contributor.authorBao, YP-
dc.contributor.authorLu, L-
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-20T10:15:43Z-
dc.date.available2021-10-20T10:15:43Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, v. 18 n. 16, p. article no. 8790-
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/305885-
dc.description.abstractCOVID-19 might have long-term mental health impacts. We aim to investigate the longitudinal changes in mental problems from initial COVID-19 peak to its aftermath among general public in China. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were assessed among a large-sample nationwide cohort of 10,492 adults during the initial COVID-19 peak (28 February 2020 to 11 March 2020) and its aftermath (8 July 2020 to 8 August 2020) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index. We used generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models to explore factors associated with long-term mental health symptoms during COVID-19. During the five months, mental health symptoms remained consistently elevated (baseline 46.4%; follow-up 45.1%). Long-term depression, anxiety and insomnia were associated with several personal and work-related factors including quarantine (adjusted OR for any mental health symptoms 1.31, 95%CI 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001), increases in work burden after resuming work (1.77, 1.65–1.90, p < 0.001), occupational exposure risk to COVID-19 (1.26, 1.14–1.40, p < 0.001) and living in places severely affected by initial COVID-19 peak (1.21, 1.04–1.41, p = 0.01) or by a COVID-19 resurgence (1.38, 1.26–1.50, p < 0.001). Compliance with self-protection measures, such as wearing face masks (0.74, 0.61–0.90, p = 0.003), was associated with lower long-term risk of mental problems. The findings reveal a pronounced and prolonged mental health burden from the initial COVID-19 peak through to its aftermath in China. We should regularly monitor the mental health status of vulnerable populations throughout COVID-19.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.org/ijerph-
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.subjectCOVID-19-
dc.subjectmental health-
dc.subjectlongitudinal-
dc.subjectChina-
dc.titleLong-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health among the general public: a nationwide longitudinal study in China-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailRan, MS: msran@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityRan, MS=rp01788-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph18168790-
dc.identifier.pmid34444539-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC8393580-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85113230482-
dc.identifier.hkuros326924-
dc.identifier.volume18-
dc.identifier.issue16-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 8790-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 8790-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000689168100001-
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland-

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