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Article: Total and Free Sugar Levels and Main Types of Sugars Used in 18,784 Local and Imported Pre-Packaged Foods and Beverages Sold in Hong Kong
Title | Total and Free Sugar Levels and Main Types of Sugars Used in 18,784 Local and Imported Pre-Packaged Foods and Beverages Sold in Hong Kong |
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Authors | |
Keywords | sugars free sugars pre-packaged foods Hong Kong method |
Issue Date | 2021 |
Publisher | MDPI AG. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/ |
Citation | Nutrients, 2021, v. 13 n. 10, p. article no. 3404 How to Cite? |
Abstract | There is limited information regarding the free sugar content of pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong. This study aims to assess the free sugar content and identify the most frequently used free sugar ingredients (FSI) in pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong. Data from 18,784 products from the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used in this analysis. Ingredient lists were screened to identify FSI. Total sugar content was derived from nutrition labels on packaging. Free sugar content was estimated based on adaptation of a previously established systematic methodology. Descriptive statistics of the total sugar and free sugar content, as well as the mean ± SD contribution of free sugar to total sugar of the audited products were calculated, stratified by food groups. Almost two-thirds (64.5%) of the pre-packaged foods contained at least one FSI. ‘Sugar (sucrose)’ was the most popular FSI that was found in more than half (54.7%) of the products. ‘Fruit and vegetable juices’ (median 10.0; IQR 8.3–11.5 g/100 mL) were found to have a higher median free sugar content than ‘Soft drinks’ (8.0; 6.0–10.6 g/100 mL). Mean ± SD contribution of free sugar to the total sugar content was 65.8 ± 43.4%, with 8 out of 14 food groups having >70% total sugar as free sugar. To conclude, free sugar, especially sucrose, was extensively used in a wide variety of pre-packaged products sold in Hong Kong. Further studies are needed to assess the population intake of free sugar in Hong Kong to inform public health policy on free sugar reduction. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/305125 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 4.8 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.301 |
PubMed Central ID | |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Chan, LY | - |
dc.contributor.author | Coyle, DH | - |
dc.contributor.author | Wu, JHY | - |
dc.contributor.author | Louie, JCY | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-10-05T02:40:05Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-10-05T02:40:05Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Nutrients, 2021, v. 13 n. 10, p. article no. 3404 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 2072-6643 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/305125 | - |
dc.description.abstract | There is limited information regarding the free sugar content of pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong. This study aims to assess the free sugar content and identify the most frequently used free sugar ingredients (FSI) in pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong. Data from 18,784 products from the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used in this analysis. Ingredient lists were screened to identify FSI. Total sugar content was derived from nutrition labels on packaging. Free sugar content was estimated based on adaptation of a previously established systematic methodology. Descriptive statistics of the total sugar and free sugar content, as well as the mean ± SD contribution of free sugar to total sugar of the audited products were calculated, stratified by food groups. Almost two-thirds (64.5%) of the pre-packaged foods contained at least one FSI. ‘Sugar (sucrose)’ was the most popular FSI that was found in more than half (54.7%) of the products. ‘Fruit and vegetable juices’ (median 10.0; IQR 8.3–11.5 g/100 mL) were found to have a higher median free sugar content than ‘Soft drinks’ (8.0; 6.0–10.6 g/100 mL). Mean ± SD contribution of free sugar to the total sugar content was 65.8 ± 43.4%, with 8 out of 14 food groups having >70% total sugar as free sugar. To conclude, free sugar, especially sucrose, was extensively used in a wide variety of pre-packaged products sold in Hong Kong. Further studies are needed to assess the population intake of free sugar in Hong Kong to inform public health policy on free sugar reduction. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | MDPI AG. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/ | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Nutrients | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | sugars | - |
dc.subject | free sugars | - |
dc.subject | pre-packaged foods | - |
dc.subject | Hong Kong | - |
dc.subject | method | - |
dc.title | Total and Free Sugar Levels and Main Types of Sugars Used in 18,784 Local and Imported Pre-Packaged Foods and Beverages Sold in Hong Kong | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.email | Louie, JCY: jimmyl@hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.authority | Louie, JCY=rp02118 | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/nu13103404 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 34684405 | - |
dc.identifier.pmcid | PMC8540970 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85115796685 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 326480 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 13 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 10 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | article no. 3404 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | article no. 3404 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000717204800001 | - |
dc.publisher.place | Switzerland | - |