Arthroplasty of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint: A Review of Currently Available Surgical Approaches, Implants and Complications

Abstract

Arthroplasty of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) of the hand is an uncommonly performed and insufficiently researched procedure used to treat painful DIPJ arthritis. This review article investigates the indications, surgical approaches, clinical outcomes and complications of distal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty to address the following questions: (1) Do the factors of surgical approach and implant design affect the clinical outcomes of DIPJ arthroplasty in patients with DIPJ arthritis? (2) Is DIPJ arthroplasty advantageous compared to arthrodesis for treating DIPJ arthritis in terms of clinical outcomes and complications?.

An electronic search of five databases was conducted for articles published from inception until 18 April 2020. Studies published propose that DIPJ arthroplasty using a silicone implant is a viable alternative to arthrodesis, the current standard surgical treatment for DIPJ arthritis. Arthroplasty enables preservation of joint range of motion and improves pain and patient satisfaction; however, there is inadequate evidence to suggest that any particular implant design or surgical approach is superior to other options.