Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of recurrent vascular events in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke with and without significant atherosclerosis

Abstract

Background Recent trials have shown that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.80 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) is associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in White patients with ischemic stroke with atherosclerosis. However, it remains uncertain whether the findings can be generalized to Asian patients, or that similar LDL-C targets should be adopted in patients with stroke without significant atherosclerosis. Methods and Results We performed a prospective cohort study and recruited consecutive Chinese patients with ischemic stroke with magnetic resonance angiography of the intra- and cervicocranial arteries performed at the University of Hong Kong between 2008 and 2014. Serial postevent LDL-C measurements were obtained. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with mean postevent LDL-C <1.80 versus ≥1.80 mmol/L, stratified by presence or absence of significant (≥50%) large-artery disease (LAD) and by ischemic stroke subtypes, were compared. Nine hundred four patients (mean age, 69±12 years; 60% men) were followed up for a mean 6.5±2.4 years (mean, 9±5 LDL-C readings per patient). Regardless of LAD status, patients with a mean postevent LDL-C <1.80 mmol/L were associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (with significant LAD: multivariable-adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99; without significant LAD: subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.88) (both P<0.05). Similar findings were noted in patients with ischemic stroke attributable to large-artery atherosclerosis (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.84) and in patients with other ischemic stroke subtypes (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.95) (both P<0.05). Conclusions A mean LDL-C <1.80 mmol/L was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke with and without significant LAD. Further randomized trials to determine the optimal LDL-C cutoff in stroke patients without significant atherosclerosis are warranted.