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Article: Toll-Like Receptors 1/2/4/6 and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 2 Are Key Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Sensors on Periodontal Resident Cells
Title | Toll-Like Receptors 1/2/4/6 and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 2 Are Key Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Sensors on Periodontal Resident Cells |
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Authors | |
Keywords | Escherichia coli gingiva hypoxia lipopolysaccharide NLR proteins |
Issue Date | 2021 |
Publisher | MDPI AG. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci |
Citation | Applied Sciences, 2021, v. 11, p. article no. 4724 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are innate, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) sensors. Their expressions in human periodontal resident cells and reactions toward irritations, such as hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), remain not well characterized. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate and characterize TLRs, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 expressions at the dento-gingival junction. Methods: Immunohistochemistry screening was carried out on periodontal tissue biopsies sections, while selected DAMP sensors signal and protein expression under Escherichia coli LPS (2 µg/mL) and/or hypoxia (1% O2), 24 h, by human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) or fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated. Results: Positive TLR1/2/4/5/6, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 immunostaining were observed in healthy and periodontitis biopsies with apparently more pocket epithelial cells positive for TLR2, TLR4 and NOD1/2. TLR1-6, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 messengers were detected in gingival/periodontal biopsies as well as healthy HGK and HGF explants. LPS and/or hypoxia induced signals and protein upregulation of NOD2 in HGKs or TLR1/6 and NOD2 in HGFs. Conclusion: Transcripts and proteins of TLR1/2/4/5/6, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 were expressed in human periodontal tissue in health and disease. Putting all observations together, NOD2, perhaps with TLR1/2/4/6, might be considered key, damage-associated molecular pattern sensors on periodontal resident cells. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/300288 |
ISSN | 2021 Impact Factor: 2.838 2020 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.435 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Chen, Y | - |
dc.contributor.author | WANG, XX | - |
dc.contributor.author | Ng, CHC | - |
dc.contributor.author | Tsao, SW | - |
dc.contributor.author | Leung, WK | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-04T08:40:49Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-06-04T08:40:49Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Applied Sciences, 2021, v. 11, p. article no. 4724 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 2076-3417 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/300288 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are innate, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) sensors. Their expressions in human periodontal resident cells and reactions toward irritations, such as hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), remain not well characterized. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate and characterize TLRs, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 expressions at the dento-gingival junction. Methods: Immunohistochemistry screening was carried out on periodontal tissue biopsies sections, while selected DAMP sensors signal and protein expression under Escherichia coli LPS (2 µg/mL) and/or hypoxia (1% O2), 24 h, by human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) or fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated. Results: Positive TLR1/2/4/5/6, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 immunostaining were observed in healthy and periodontitis biopsies with apparently more pocket epithelial cells positive for TLR2, TLR4 and NOD1/2. TLR1-6, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 messengers were detected in gingival/periodontal biopsies as well as healthy HGK and HGF explants. LPS and/or hypoxia induced signals and protein upregulation of NOD2 in HGKs or TLR1/6 and NOD2 in HGFs. Conclusion: Transcripts and proteins of TLR1/2/4/5/6, NOD1/2 and NLRP1/2 were expressed in human periodontal tissue in health and disease. Putting all observations together, NOD2, perhaps with TLR1/2/4/6, might be considered key, damage-associated molecular pattern sensors on periodontal resident cells. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | MDPI AG. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Applied Sciences | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | Escherichia coli | - |
dc.subject | gingiva | - |
dc.subject | hypoxia | - |
dc.subject | lipopolysaccharide | - |
dc.subject | NLR proteins | - |
dc.title | Toll-Like Receptors 1/2/4/6 and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 2 Are Key Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Sensors on Periodontal Resident Cells | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.email | Tsao, SW: gswtsao@hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.email | Leung, WK: ewkleung@hkucc.hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.authority | Tsao, SW=rp00399 | - |
dc.identifier.authority | Leung, WK=rp00019 | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/app11114724 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85107001847 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 322622 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 11 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | article no. 4724 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | article no. 4724 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000659624100001 | - |
dc.publisher.place | Switzerland | - |