芦山地震后5年雅安城市老人的认知功能及相关因素

Abstract

目的:了解芦山地震5年后雅安城市老年人的认知功能现状及相关因素，为灾难性事件后老年人群心理健康及认知功能干预提供参考。方法:采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，于2019年3月，选取雅安市区≥60岁老年人885名例，使用老年人一般信息调查表收集一般人口学信息、健康相关信息、受灾情况分布，采用MoCA量表(北京版)评估认知功能。结果:芦山地震后5年雅安城市老年人认知功能障碍患病率为14.9%,其中轻度为9.1%,中、重各为2.9%;不同受灾程度地区老年人的认知功能障碍患病率，差异无统计学意义。Logistics回归分析显示，年龄70～<80岁和≥80岁组的老年人更易出现认知功能障碍[OR=2.98(95%CI:1.72～5.15),OR=6.08(95%CI:3.51～10.55),均P<0.001],大专及以上受教育程度的老人不易出现认知功能障碍[OR=0.15(95%CI:0.05～0.44),P<0.001]。结论:高龄为芦山地震后5年雅安城市老人认知功能障碍的危险因素，受教育程度高为保护因素.

Objective:To understand the status and related factors of cognitive function of elderly people of five years after Lushan earthquake in Ya' an City, so as to provide reference for the mental health and cognitive function intervention of the elderly population after the catastrophic event.Methods:Adopting multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, in March 2019,885 people(≥60 years) in Ya' an city were selected.The general demographic information, health-related information and disaster situation of the elderly were collected.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale(MoCA,Beijing Version) was used to evaluate cognitive function.Results:Five years after Lushan earthquake in Ya' an, the total prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Ya' an urban areas was 14.9%,of which 9.1% was mild, 2.9% were moderate and severe respectively.There were no significant differences of prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in different affected areas.Logistic regression analysis indicated that those aged 70-<80 years and ≥80 years were more likely to have cognitive impairment[OR=2.98(95%CI:1.72-5.15),OR=6.08(95%CI:3.51-10.55),Ps<0.001],and those with college and above education level were less likely to have cognitive impairment [OR=0.15(95%CI:0.05-0.44),P<0.001].Conclusion:It suggests that advanced age may be a risk factor of cognitive impairment and the high level of education may be a protective factor in the urban elderly five years after Lushan earthquakein Ya' an City.