Comparative Research on Shadow Education: Historical Developments and Future Directions

Abstract

本文回顾了本世纪初二十年间的课外补习研究，即广为人知的影子教育研究。尽管在1999年前已有少数零散的、国家及地区层面的相关文献，本文将1999年发表的首项影子教育全球研究报告作为影子教育研究领域的起点。从那时起至今的20年间，影子教育研究发展显著，这增进了对不同文化之间共性与差异的理解，加深了各界对此现象的认识。相关研究从早期对影子教育发展版图的绘测和对影子教育需求影响因素的分析，发展为教育生态系统框架下更加深入的社会学、经济学分析，同时也加强了对研究方法的关注。影子教育的未来研究议程需要与时俱进，例如关注技术的影响，并加强跨学科研究以探索更为广阔的领域。未来研究也需要持续关注相关定义及研究方法. This paper reviews research on private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education during the first two decades of the present century. It takes as its starting point the first global study of the phenomenon, published in 1999, despite some scattered national and subnational literature before 1999. During the initial two decades, great expansion of the research on shadow education brought more depth and stronger awareness of commonalities and differences in different cultures. From initial mapping and identification of factors shaping demand came work on ecosystems with deeper sociological and economic analyses, together with greater attention to research methods. The agenda ahead will need to keep up with the changing times, e.g., through the impact of technology, and develop stronger interdisciplinarity to explore additional domains. It will also need continued attention to definitions and methods.