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Article: Divergent evolutionary trajectories of influenza B viruses underlie their contemporaneous epidemic activity

TitleDivergent evolutionary trajectories of influenza B viruses underlie their contemporaneous epidemic activity
Authors
KeywordsPhylogeny
Natural selection
Vaccine
Antigenic
Genetic diversity
Issue Date2020
PublisherNational Academy of Sciences. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.pnas.org
Citation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, v. 117, n. 1, p. 619-628 How to Cite?
Abstract© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Influenza B viruses have circulated in humans for over 80 y, causing a significant disease burden. Two antigenically distinct lineages (“B/ Victoria/2/87-like” and “B/Yamagata/16/88-like,” termed Victoria and Yamagata) emerged in the 1970s and have cocirculated since 2001. Since 2015 both lineages have shown unusually high levels of epidemic activity, the reasons for which are unclear. By analyzing over 12,000 influenza B virus genomes, we describe the processes enabling the long-term success and recent resurgence of epidemics due to influenza B virus. We show that following prolonged diversification, both lineages underwent selective sweeps across the genome and have subsequently taken alternate evolutionary trajectories to exhibit epidemic dominance, with no reassortment between lineages. Hemagglutinin deletion variants emerged concomitantly in multiple Victoria virus clades and persisted through epistatic mutations and interclade reassortment—a phenomenon previously only observed in the 1970s when Victoria and Yamagata lineages emerged. For Yamagata viruses, antigenic drift of neuraminidase was a major driver of epidemic activity, indicating that neuraminidase-based vaccines and cross-reactivity assays should be employed to monitor and develop robust protection against influenza B morbidity and mortality. Overall, we show that long-term diversification and infrequent selective sweeps, coupled with the reemergence of hemagglutinin deletion variants and antigenic drift of neuraminidase, are factors that contributed to successful circulation of diverse influenza B clades. Further divergence of hemagglutinin variants with poor cross-reactivity could potentially lead to circulation of 3 or more distinct influenza B viruses, further complicating influenza vaccine formulation and highlighting the urgent need for universal influenza vaccines.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/288782
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 9.4
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 3.737
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorVirk, Ramandeep K.-
dc.contributor.authorJayakumar, Jayanthi-
dc.contributor.authorMendenhall, Ian H.-
dc.contributor.authorMoorthy, Mahesh-
dc.contributor.authorLam, Pauline-
dc.contributor.authorLinster, Martin-
dc.contributor.authorLim, Julia-
dc.contributor.authorLin, Cui-
dc.contributor.authorOon, Lynette L.E.-
dc.contributor.authorLee, Hong Kai-
dc.contributor.authorKoay, Evelyn S.C.-
dc.contributor.authorVijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran-
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Gavin J.D.-
dc.contributor.authorSu, Yvonne C.F.-
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-12T08:05:51Z-
dc.date.available2020-10-12T08:05:51Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.citationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, v. 117, n. 1, p. 619-628-
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/288782-
dc.description.abstract© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Influenza B viruses have circulated in humans for over 80 y, causing a significant disease burden. Two antigenically distinct lineages (“B/ Victoria/2/87-like” and “B/Yamagata/16/88-like,” termed Victoria and Yamagata) emerged in the 1970s and have cocirculated since 2001. Since 2015 both lineages have shown unusually high levels of epidemic activity, the reasons for which are unclear. By analyzing over 12,000 influenza B virus genomes, we describe the processes enabling the long-term success and recent resurgence of epidemics due to influenza B virus. We show that following prolonged diversification, both lineages underwent selective sweeps across the genome and have subsequently taken alternate evolutionary trajectories to exhibit epidemic dominance, with no reassortment between lineages. Hemagglutinin deletion variants emerged concomitantly in multiple Victoria virus clades and persisted through epistatic mutations and interclade reassortment—a phenomenon previously only observed in the 1970s when Victoria and Yamagata lineages emerged. For Yamagata viruses, antigenic drift of neuraminidase was a major driver of epidemic activity, indicating that neuraminidase-based vaccines and cross-reactivity assays should be employed to monitor and develop robust protection against influenza B morbidity and mortality. Overall, we show that long-term diversification and infrequent selective sweeps, coupled with the reemergence of hemagglutinin deletion variants and antigenic drift of neuraminidase, are factors that contributed to successful circulation of diverse influenza B clades. Further divergence of hemagglutinin variants with poor cross-reactivity could potentially lead to circulation of 3 or more distinct influenza B viruses, further complicating influenza vaccine formulation and highlighting the urgent need for universal influenza vaccines.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciences. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.pnas.org-
dc.relation.ispartofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.subjectPhylogeny-
dc.subjectNatural selection-
dc.subjectVaccine-
dc.subjectAntigenic-
dc.subjectGenetic diversity-
dc.titleDivergent evolutionary trajectories of influenza B viruses underlie their contemporaneous epidemic activity-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.1073/pnas.1916585116-
dc.identifier.pmid31843889-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC6955377-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85077660006-
dc.identifier.hkuros317438-
dc.identifier.volume117-
dc.identifier.issue1-
dc.identifier.spage619-
dc.identifier.epage628-
dc.identifier.eissn1091-6490-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000506001200085-
dc.identifier.issnl0027-8424-

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