Private-Public Partnerships in East Asia's Supplementary Education: Comparative Perspectives, Diverse Initiatives, and Common Goals

Abstract

Japan is known internationally for its long history of juku and for other forms of supplementary education. Other countries in East Asia have similar organisational structures, but also significant differences. Over recent decades, structures and processes have changed both in Japan and in other countries. In some settings the boundaries between private and public have become blurred, and in some cases private providers and public schools/government authorities even work in partnership rather than in separate spheres or in opposition. This panel will identify patterns in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in supplementary education in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. The panel will consider what the jurisdictions can learn from each other and the implications supplementary education as for the notion of Education For All.