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Article: Comprehension of Subject and Object Relative Clauses in a Trilingual Acquisition Context

TitleComprehension of Subject and Object Relative Clauses in a Trilingual Acquisition Context
Authors
KeywordsCantonese
Child second and third language acquisition
Cross-linguistic influence
English
Input conditions
Mandarin
Structural overlaps
Typological distance
Issue Date2017
PublisherFrontiers Research Foundation. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.frontiersin.org/psychology
Citation
Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, v. 8, p. 1641:1-18 How to Cite?
AbstractChinese relative clauses (RCs) have word order properties that are distinctly rare across languages of the world; such properties provide a good testing ground to tease apart predictions regarding the relative complexity of subject and object RCs in acquisition and processing. This study considers these special word order properties in a multilingual acquisition context, examining how Cantonese(L1)-English(L2)-Mandarin(L3) trilingual children process RCs in two Chinese languages differing in exposure conditions. Studying in an English immersion international school, these trilinguals are also under intensive exposure to English. Comparisons of the trilinguals with their monolingual counterparts are made with a focus on the directionality of cross-linguistic influence. The study considers how various factors such as language exposure, structural overlaps in the target languages, typological distance, and language dominance can account for the linguistic abilities and vulnerabilities exhibited by a group of children in a trilingual acquisition context. Twenty-one trilingual 5- to 6-year-olds completed tests of subject- and object- RC comprehension in all three languages. Twenty-four age-matched Cantonese monolinguals and 24 age-matched Mandarin monolinguals served as comparison groups. Despite limited exposure to Mandarin, the trilinguals performed comparable to the monolinguals. Their Cantonese performance uniquely predicts their Mandarin performance, suggesting positive transfer from L1 Cantonese to L3 Mandarin. In Cantonese, however, despite extensive exposure from birth, the trilinguals comprehended object RCs significantly worse than the monolinguals. Error analyses suggested an English-based head-initial analysis, implying negative transfer from L2 English to L1 Cantonese. Overall, we identified a specific case of bi-directional influence between the first and second/third languages. The trilinguals experience facilitation in processing Mandarin RCs, because parallels and overlaps in both form and function provide a transparent basis for positive transfer from L1 Cantonese to L3 Mandarin. On the other hand, they experience more difficulty in processing object RCs in Cantonese compared to their monolingual peers, because structural overlaps with competing structures from English plus intensive exposure to English lead to negative transfer from L2 English to L1 Cantonese. The findings provide further evidence that head noun assignment in object RCs is especially vulnerable in multilingual Cantonese children when they are under intensive exposure to English.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/248128
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.6
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.800
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorChan, AWS-
dc.contributor.authorChen, S-
dc.contributor.authorMatthews, SJ-
dc.contributor.authorYip, V-
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-18T08:38:16Z-
dc.date.available2017-10-18T08:38:16Z-
dc.date.issued2017-
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Psychology, 2017, v. 8, p. 1641:1-18-
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/248128-
dc.description.abstractChinese relative clauses (RCs) have word order properties that are distinctly rare across languages of the world; such properties provide a good testing ground to tease apart predictions regarding the relative complexity of subject and object RCs in acquisition and processing. This study considers these special word order properties in a multilingual acquisition context, examining how Cantonese(L1)-English(L2)-Mandarin(L3) trilingual children process RCs in two Chinese languages differing in exposure conditions. Studying in an English immersion international school, these trilinguals are also under intensive exposure to English. Comparisons of the trilinguals with their monolingual counterparts are made with a focus on the directionality of cross-linguistic influence. The study considers how various factors such as language exposure, structural overlaps in the target languages, typological distance, and language dominance can account for the linguistic abilities and vulnerabilities exhibited by a group of children in a trilingual acquisition context. Twenty-one trilingual 5- to 6-year-olds completed tests of subject- and object- RC comprehension in all three languages. Twenty-four age-matched Cantonese monolinguals and 24 age-matched Mandarin monolinguals served as comparison groups. Despite limited exposure to Mandarin, the trilinguals performed comparable to the monolinguals. Their Cantonese performance uniquely predicts their Mandarin performance, suggesting positive transfer from L1 Cantonese to L3 Mandarin. In Cantonese, however, despite extensive exposure from birth, the trilinguals comprehended object RCs significantly worse than the monolinguals. Error analyses suggested an English-based head-initial analysis, implying negative transfer from L2 English to L1 Cantonese. Overall, we identified a specific case of bi-directional influence between the first and second/third languages. The trilinguals experience facilitation in processing Mandarin RCs, because parallels and overlaps in both form and function provide a transparent basis for positive transfer from L1 Cantonese to L3 Mandarin. On the other hand, they experience more difficulty in processing object RCs in Cantonese compared to their monolingual peers, because structural overlaps with competing structures from English plus intensive exposure to English lead to negative transfer from L2 English to L1 Cantonese. The findings provide further evidence that head noun assignment in object RCs is especially vulnerable in multilingual Cantonese children when they are under intensive exposure to English.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherFrontiers Research Foundation. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.frontiersin.org/psychology-
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Psychology-
dc.rightsThis Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. It is reproduced with permission.-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.subjectCantonese-
dc.subjectChild second and third language acquisition-
dc.subjectCross-linguistic influence-
dc.subjectEnglish-
dc.subjectInput conditions-
dc.subjectMandarin-
dc.subjectStructural overlaps-
dc.subjectTypological distance-
dc.titleComprehension of Subject and Object Relative Clauses in a Trilingual Acquisition Context-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailMatthews, SJ: matthews@hkucc.hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityMatthews, SJ=rp01207-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01641-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC5635684-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85030758950-
dc.identifier.hkuros280188-
dc.identifier.volume8-
dc.identifier.spage1641:1-
dc.identifier.epage18-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000412479100001-
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland-
dc.identifier.issnl1664-1078-

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