從平民村到工人新村--上海公營住宅延續的文明教化使命, 1927-1951年

Abstract

文章旨在探討1949年前後關於上海公營住宅的論述與實踐的延續性,並考察了民國時期的'平民村'與社會主義時期的'工人新村'的三個重要方面。第一,'新村'自20世紀20年代開始被賦予不同的含義。許多城市改良方案均以新村之名,新村成為住宅改良的重要場所。第二,文章闡釋了民國時期對住宅改良與城市管理在建設新國家時的作用的不同思考。第三,文章分析了不同的參與者,例如政府和建築規劃專家,在關於公營住宅的實踐與論述中所發揮的作用。通過對平民村和工人新村的比較,文章指出,儘管國民政府與社會主義政府在意識形態與城市政策上存在分歧,但是其公營住宅建設皆延續了始於20世紀初期的住宅改良的文明教化使命以及'科學化'的綜合規劃。

This article aims to explore the continuity of Shanghai’s public housing development in the first half of the 20th century. It seeks to examine three important aspects of the Republican “Villages for Commoners” and the Socialist “Workers’ New Village.” The first is the changing meanings ascribed to the term “new village,” which had since the 1920s become the name of many pioneering urban proposals as well as a key site of housing reform. Second, it examines different ways of thinking about the role of housing reform and urban governance in building a new society in Republican China. Third, it analyses the role of different actors, such as government and professionals, in shaping the practice and narratives of public housing. Through the comparison of the Republican “Villages for Commoners” and the Socialist “Workers’ New Village,” it argues that the civilising mission and “scientific” comprehensive planning originating from early 20th century had been passed on in the Republican public housing projects and the Socialist New Village development, despite their difference in ideology and urban policy.