Outcome evaluation of early placed maxillary anterior single-tooth implants using objective esthetic criteria: A cross-sectional, retrospective study in 45 patients with a 2- to 4-year follow-up using pink and white esthetic scores

Abstract

Background: To validate the concept of early implant placement for use in the esthetically sensitive anterior maxilla, clinical trials should ideally include objective esthetic criteria when assessing outcome parameters. Methods: In this cross-sectional, retrospective 2- to 4-year study involving 45 patients treated with maxillary anterior single-tooth implants according to the concept of early implant placement, a novel comprehensive index, comprising pink esthetic score and white esthetic score (PES/WES; the highest possible combined score is 20), was applied for the objective esthetic outcome assessment of anterior single-tooth implants. Results: All 45 anterior maxillary single-tooth implants fulfilled strict success criteria for dental implants with regard to osseointegration, including the absence of peri-implant radiolucency, implant mobility, suppuration, and pain. The mean total PES/WESwas 14.7 ± 1.18 (range: 11 to 18). The mean total PES of 7.8 ± 0.88 (range: 6 to 9) documents favorable overall peri-implant soft tissue conditions. The two PES variables facial mucosa curvature (1.9 ± 0.29) and facial mucosa level (1.8 ± 0.42) had the highest mean values, whereas the combination variable root convexity/soft tissue color and texture (1.2 ± 0.53) proved to be the most difficult to fully satisfy. Mean scores were 1.6 ± 0.5 for the mesial papilla and 1.3 ± 0.5 for the distal papilla. A mean value of 6.9 ± 1.47 (range: 4 to 10) was calculated for WES. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that anterior maxillary single-tooth replacement, according to the concept of early implant placement, is a successful and predictable treatment modality, in general, and from an esthetic point of view, in particular. The suitability of the PES/WES index for the objective outcome assessment of the esthetic dimension of anterior single-tooth implants was confirmed. However, prospective clinical trials are needed to further validate and refine this index.