Potential of Tai Chi chuan on promoting cognitive functions in Chinese elders : a systematic review

Abstract

Objective: Tai Chi Chuan might have some potential for promoting cognitive functions in older adults due to its unique features compared to simple exercise such as stretching and running. This project aims to investigate the effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan in promoting cognitive functions in the older population. Methods: A literature search using specific keywords was conducted in the database PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Wanfang Data (Chinese) to identify original studies that a) used interventional study design, b) included cognitive outcome measurements, and c) enrolled elders without serious medical conditions. A systematic review was then conducted to synthesize relevant results. Results: A total of 12studies were identified. The results were synthesized and analyzed The most significant effect of Tai Chi was observed in apparent slowing of clinical dementia progression, but this could be a result of publication bias. Compared to previous reviews, this project did detect some potential of Tai Chi Chuan on promoting cognitive functions, but the results on executive functions, memory or language ability were not consistent. Small sample sizes, varied participant baseline data and various Tai Chi and control interventions might contribute to this result. Discussion: Intervention and cognitive outcome measurements were not consistent in individual studies. And most studies only had acceptable methodological quality. Disparities in results were present when cognitive functions were assessed with different tests. Further rigorously designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to get a more definitive conclusion. Conclusion: Tai Chi Chuan might be effective as a behavioral intervention to contain age-related cognitive declines in Chinese communities due to relatively low cost, safer practice, cultural acceptability and socially involvement. Larger, better controlled studies are needed.