Influence of fiber types on cytotoxicity properties of fiber-reinforced composites

Abstract

PURPOSE: Nowadays fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are widely used in dentistry to substitute metallic restoration. The fiber reinforcement provides better mechanical properties of the restoration (Alla et al. J Biomater Nanobiotechnol 2013:95). Various types of fibers are available commercially. Previous studies showed that some components of dental composites can be released into the oral cavity (Gupta et al. Toxicol Int 2012:225) and caused several adverse effects (Jan et al. J Formoson Med Assoc 2014:349). Little information exists regarding to the effect of different fibers reinforcement on FRCs biocompatibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of fiber types on cytotoxicity properties of FRCs. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The materials used were ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers (CONSTRUCT Kerr TM, USA), E-glass fibers (Ahlstrom Fiberglass, Karhula, Finland), composite resin (MASTERFLOW® Biodinamica, Brazil), and Vero fibroblast cell line (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia). Fifteen specimens of FRCs (2×2×25)mm were prepared and divided into 3 groups. The experimental groups were FRCs by UHMWPE fiber reinforcement (UHMWPE-group) and E-glass fiber reinforcement (E-glass group) whilst the control-group was composite resin without fiber reinforcement. Specimens were milled and diluted in culture medium (0.1mg powder/1mL medium). Specimen solution of 100µL was added into 96-well plate containing fibroblast cells of 2×104 cells/100µL and incubated for 24 h. MTT of 10µL was added to the well, incubated for 4 h, then 100µL stop solution was added. The optical density (OD) of the cells viability was determined by ELISA reader with a wavelength of 550 nm. Cells viability were calculated in percentage and analyzed by ANOVA and LSD. RESULTS: The average of fibroblast cells viability in percentage (%) showed for the UHMWPE-group was 88.59±1.42, E-glass-group was 97.05±2.24, and control-group was 80.97±1.70. Analysis by one way ANOVA indicated significant difference of cells viability among the groups (p < 0.01). The post hoc LSD test showed significant difference between UHMWPE-group and control-group (p < 0.01), E-glass group and control-group (p < 0.01), UHMWPE-group and E-glass group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Fiber types influenced cytotoxicity properties of FRCs. E-glass fiber reinforcement revealed less cytotoxicity properties than UHMWPE reinforcement on FRCs.