Ionizing Radiation in Medical Imaging and Efforts in Dose Optimization

Abstract

Medical-related radiation is the largest source of controllable radiation exposure to humans

and it accounts for more than 95% of radiation exposure from man-made sources. Its direct

benefits in modern day medical practices are beyond doubt but risks-benefits ratios need to

be constantly monitored as the use of ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly. From 1980 to

2006, the per-capita effective dose from diagnostic and interventional medical procedures in

the United States increased almost six fold, from 0.5 to 3.0mSv, while contributions from

other sources remained static (NCRP report no 160, 2009).

This chapter will review radiation exposure from medical imaging initially starting from a

historical viewpoint as well as discussing innovative technologies on the horizon. The

challenges for the medical community in addressing the increasing trend of radiation

usage will be discussed as well as the latest research in dose justification and

optimization.