Yolk-sac transmission and post-hatching ontogeny of serum immunoglobulins in the duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Abstract

To investigate the immunoglobulin (Ig) class which is active in yolk-sac transmission of maternal antibodies in ducks, sera from laying ducks, yolks from their eggs, and sera from ducklings 0-87 days of age were examined by immunoelectrophoresis (IE), and Na 2SO 4-precipitated Igs from these sera and yolks were run in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under reducing conditions. In yolk, 7.8 S IgG was greatly enriched compared to 5.7 S IgG and IgM, and was the only Ig to reach the sera of newly hatched ducklings. The levels of maternally derived 7.8 S IgG in duckling sera decreased after 5 days of age, reaching minimum levels at about 14 days of age. Increases in the serum levels of 7.8 S IgG, 5.7 S IgG and IgM occurred after 20 days of age, reflecting de novo synthesis by the duckling, and the adult serum profile was achieved by 71 days of age. The involvement of 7.8 S rather than 5.7 S IgG in yolk-sac transmission was probably determined by the additional heavy chain components of this molecule.