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Article: Water saturation shift referencing (WASSR) for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) experiments

TitleWater saturation shift referencing (WASSR) for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) experiments
Authors
KeywordsAbsolute water frequency referencing
CEST
Direct water saturation
Glycogen
Muscle
Issue Date2009
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0740-3194/
Citation
Magnetic Resonance In Medicine, 2009, v. 61 n. 6, p. 1441-1450 How to Cite?
AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a contrast mechanism that exploits exchange-based magnetization transfer (MT) between solute and water protons. CEST effects compete with direct water saturation and conventional MT processes, and generally can only be quantified through an asymmetry analysis of the water saturation spectrum (Z-spectrum) with respect to the water frequency, a process that is exquisitely sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Here it is shown that direct water saturation imaging allows measurement of the absolute water frequency in each voxel, allowing proper centering of Z-spectra on a voxel-by-voxel basis independently of spatial B0 field variations. Optimal acquisition parameters for this "water saturation shift referencing" (WASSR) approach were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations and later confirmed experimentally. The optimal ratio of the WASSR sweep width to the linewidth of the direct saturation curve was found to be 3.3- 4.0, requiring a sampling of 16-32 points. The frequency error was smaller than 1 Hz at signal-to-noise ratios of 40 or higher. The WASSR method was applied to study glycogen, where the chemical shift difference between the hydroxyl (OH) protons and bulk water protons at 3T is so small (0.75-1.25 ppm) that the CEST spectrum is inconclusive without proper referencing. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/150911
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 3.0
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.343
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID
Funding AgencyGrant Number
National Institutes of HealthNIH-NCRR P41-RR15241
NIH-NIBIB R01-EB02634
R21-EB02666
Philips Medical Systems
Funding Information:

Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant numbers: NIH-NCRR P41-RR15241; NIH-NIBIB R01-EB02634; R21-EB02666; Grant sponsor: Philips Medical Systems.

References

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorKim, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorGillen, Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorLandman, BAen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorVan Zijl, PCMen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-26T06:14:21Z-
dc.date.available2012-06-26T06:14:21Z-
dc.date.issued2009en_US
dc.identifier.citationMagnetic Resonance In Medicine, 2009, v. 61 n. 6, p. 1441-1450en_US
dc.identifier.issn0740-3194en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/150911-
dc.description.abstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a contrast mechanism that exploits exchange-based magnetization transfer (MT) between solute and water protons. CEST effects compete with direct water saturation and conventional MT processes, and generally can only be quantified through an asymmetry analysis of the water saturation spectrum (Z-spectrum) with respect to the water frequency, a process that is exquisitely sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Here it is shown that direct water saturation imaging allows measurement of the absolute water frequency in each voxel, allowing proper centering of Z-spectra on a voxel-by-voxel basis independently of spatial B0 field variations. Optimal acquisition parameters for this "water saturation shift referencing" (WASSR) approach were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations and later confirmed experimentally. The optimal ratio of the WASSR sweep width to the linewidth of the direct saturation curve was found to be 3.3- 4.0, requiring a sampling of 16-32 points. The frequency error was smaller than 1 Hz at signal-to-noise ratios of 40 or higher. The WASSR method was applied to study glycogen, where the chemical shift difference between the hydroxyl (OH) protons and bulk water protons at 3T is so small (0.75-1.25 ppm) that the CEST spectrum is inconclusive without proper referencing. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.en_US
dc.languageengen_US
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0740-3194/en_US
dc.relation.ispartofMagnetic Resonance in Medicineen_US
dc.subjectAbsolute water frequency referencing-
dc.subjectCEST-
dc.subjectDirect water saturation-
dc.subjectGlycogen-
dc.subjectMuscle-
dc.subject.meshAdulten_US
dc.subject.meshAlgorithmsen_US
dc.subject.meshBody Water - Metabolismen_US
dc.subject.meshFemaleen_US
dc.subject.meshHumansen_US
dc.subject.meshImage Enhancement - Methodsen_US
dc.subject.meshImage Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - Methodsen_US
dc.subject.meshMagnetic Resonance Imaging - Methodsen_US
dc.subject.meshMaleen_US
dc.subject.meshMuscle, Skeletal - Anatomy & Histology - Metabolismen_US
dc.subject.meshReproducibility Of Resultsen_US
dc.subject.meshSensitivity And Specificityen_US
dc.subject.meshWater - Analysisen_US
dc.titleWater saturation shift referencing (WASSR) for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) experimentsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.emailKim, M:minakim@hku.hken_US
dc.identifier.authorityKim, M=rp00292en_US
dc.description.naturelink_to_OA_fulltexten_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/mrm.21873en_US
dc.identifier.pmid19358232-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC2860191-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-67049160813en_US
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-67049160813&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_US
dc.identifier.volume61en_US
dc.identifier.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.spage1441en_US
dc.identifier.epage1450en_US
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000266429900019-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Statesen_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridKim, M=8146283400en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridGillen, J=7003438968en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridLandman, BA=16679175200en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridZhou, J=7405550363en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridVan Zijl, PCM=7006760849en_US
dc.identifier.issnl0740-3194-

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