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Article: Glial response and myelin clearance in areas of wallerian degeneration after spinal cord hemisection in the monkey macaca fascicularis

TitleGlial response and myelin clearance in areas of wallerian degeneration after spinal cord hemisection in the monkey macaca fascicularis
Authors
KeywordsAstrocytes
Axons
Macaca fascicularis
Macrophages
Microglia
Monkey
Myelin
Spinal cord injury
Wallerian degeneration
Issue Date2009
PublisherMary Ann Liebert, Inc Publishers. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.liebertpub.com/neu
Citation
Journal Of Neurotrauma, 2009, v. 26 n. 11, p. 2083-2096 How to Cite?
AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals not only damages the focal area, but also leads to wallerian degeneration (WD) of axons and myelin distal to the injury. In the present study, we investigated cellular responses within areas of WD of a sensory pathway, the fasciculus gracilis, after a T8-9 lateral spinal hemisection in the adult monkey Macaca fascicularis. Spinal cord segments rostral and caudal to the injury at two clinically-relevant time points, 1 week and 4 weeks post-SCI, representing subacute and chronic stages, respectively, were examined. We observed marked axon degeneration in the areas of WD at the subacute stage, and minimal axonal neurofilament staining at the chronic stage. At the ultrastructural level, however, many degenerating axonal profiles remained at the chronic stage. Myelin breakdown was a much-delayed process. A large number of residual myelin sheaths was observed at the chronic stage. In contrast to rodents, a substantial astrogliotic response was not found in the WD regions up to 4 weeks post-injury. Microglia activation was evident in the WD areas at the subacute stage, and was enhanced at the chronic stage. However, the lack of round reactive microglia/macrophages in these regions suggests that microglial activation was either delayed or incomplete. Thus it appears that many pathological characteristics of WD in monkeys are much delayed compared to those in rodents, but are similar to those in humans. Our results suggest that non-human primate SCI models are useful for evaluating repair strategies before they are translated to clinical trials of human SCI. © 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/149729
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 3.9
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.483
ISI Accession Number ID
Funding AgencyGrant Number
Major State Basic Research Development Program of China2003CB515302
People's Liberation Army Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury
Kunming General Hospital of People's Liberation Army
Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Board (ISCBIRB)
Mari Hulman George Endowments
Funding Information:

This study was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Project; 2003CB515302), the People's Liberation Army Clinical Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, the Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Board (ISCBIRB), and the Mari Hulman George Endowments. We thank Dr. Stephen Onifer for critical reading of the manuscript, and Hongqi Zhang for excellent EM technical assistance.

References

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorShi, Fen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Hen_US
dc.contributor.authorYang, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Yen_US
dc.contributor.authorFeng, Yen_US
dc.contributor.authorShi, Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorXu, Den_US
dc.contributor.authorWu, Wen_US
dc.contributor.authorYou, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorMa, Zen_US
dc.contributor.authorZou, Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorLu, Pen_US
dc.contributor.authorXu, XMen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-26T05:57:44Z-
dc.date.available2012-06-26T05:57:44Z-
dc.date.issued2009en_US
dc.identifier.citationJournal Of Neurotrauma, 2009, v. 26 n. 11, p. 2083-2096en_US
dc.identifier.issn0897-7151en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/149729-
dc.description.abstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals not only damages the focal area, but also leads to wallerian degeneration (WD) of axons and myelin distal to the injury. In the present study, we investigated cellular responses within areas of WD of a sensory pathway, the fasciculus gracilis, after a T8-9 lateral spinal hemisection in the adult monkey Macaca fascicularis. Spinal cord segments rostral and caudal to the injury at two clinically-relevant time points, 1 week and 4 weeks post-SCI, representing subacute and chronic stages, respectively, were examined. We observed marked axon degeneration in the areas of WD at the subacute stage, and minimal axonal neurofilament staining at the chronic stage. At the ultrastructural level, however, many degenerating axonal profiles remained at the chronic stage. Myelin breakdown was a much-delayed process. A large number of residual myelin sheaths was observed at the chronic stage. In contrast to rodents, a substantial astrogliotic response was not found in the WD regions up to 4 weeks post-injury. Microglia activation was evident in the WD areas at the subacute stage, and was enhanced at the chronic stage. However, the lack of round reactive microglia/macrophages in these regions suggests that microglial activation was either delayed or incomplete. Thus it appears that many pathological characteristics of WD in monkeys are much delayed compared to those in rodents, but are similar to those in humans. Our results suggest that non-human primate SCI models are useful for evaluating repair strategies before they are translated to clinical trials of human SCI. © 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.en_US
dc.languageengen_US
dc.publisherMary Ann Liebert, Inc Publishers. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.liebertpub.com/neuen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Neurotraumaen_US
dc.subjectAstrocytes-
dc.subjectAxons-
dc.subjectMacaca fascicularis-
dc.subjectMacrophages-
dc.subjectMicroglia-
dc.subjectMonkey-
dc.subjectMyelin-
dc.subjectSpinal cord injury-
dc.subjectWallerian degeneration-
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen_US
dc.subject.meshAxotomyen_US
dc.subject.meshDisease Models, Animalen_US
dc.subject.meshImmunohistochemistryen_US
dc.subject.meshMacaca Fascicularisen_US
dc.subject.meshMaleen_US
dc.subject.meshMicroscopy, Electron, Transmissionen_US
dc.subject.meshMyelin Sheath - Metabolism - Ultrastructureen_US
dc.subject.meshNeuroglia - Metabolismen_US
dc.subject.meshSpinal Cord Injuries - Metabolism - Pathologyen_US
dc.subject.meshWallerian Degeneration - Metabolism - Pathologyen_US
dc.titleGlial response and myelin clearance in areas of wallerian degeneration after spinal cord hemisection in the monkey macaca fascicularisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.emailWu, W:wtwu@hkucc.hku.hken_US
dc.identifier.authorityWu, W=rp00419en_US
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltexten_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1089/neu.2008.0706en_US
dc.identifier.pmid19456214-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-75449113278en_US
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-75449113278&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_US
dc.identifier.volume26en_US
dc.identifier.issue11en_US
dc.identifier.spage2083en_US
dc.identifier.epage2096en_US
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000272049600022-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Statesen_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridShi, F=12808999200en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridZhu, H=7404663686en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridYang, S=35738182500en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridLiu, Y=26661136500en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridFeng, Y=7404544732en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridShi, J=35737947400en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridXu, D=35738235100en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridWu, W=7407081122en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridYou, S=8226423300en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridMa, Z=8317005400en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridZou, J=35957760800en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridLu, P=7402292929en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridXu, XM=7405298291en_US
dc.identifier.issnl0897-7151-

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