Article: Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele

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TitleDopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele
AuthorsLeung, PWL5
Lee, CC1
Hung, SF1
Ho, TP1
Tang, CP1
Kwong, SL1
Leung, SY2
Yuen, ST2
LiehMak, F2
Oosterlaan, J3
Grady, D4
Harxhi, A4
Ding, YC4
Chi, HC4
Flodman, P4
Schuck, S4
Spence, MA4
Moyzis, R4
Swanson, J4
Issue Date2005
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148-7299:1/
CitationAmerican Journal Of Medical Genetics - Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 2005, v. 133 B n. 1, p. 54-56 [How to Cite?]
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30129
AbstractThere is an increased prevalence of the 7-repeat (7R) allele of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the population prevalence of the 7R allele varies considerably across ethnicity and is very low in Asians. To test whether this 7R allele/ADHD association still held in a Chinese clinical sample, 32 Han Chinese children with a confirmed ADHD diagnosis and normal IQ who were methylphenidate- responders were genotyped. None of them had a DRD4 7R allele. Instead, we observed a significantly increased prevalence of the 2-repeat (2R) allele in this clinical sample (33%) compared to ethnically-matched controls (20%) (χ2(1d.f.) = 5.90, P = 0.015). This approximately 1.65-fold increase of the 2R allele in our probands is close to the observed increase of the 7R allele in European-ancestry ADHD children. Recent genetic studies have indicated that the 2R allele in Asians is likely derived from the 7R allele. Further, available biochemical data indicate that both the 2R and 7R protein have blunted responses to dopamine compared to the 4R protein. Based on these results, we propose that the observed increased prevalence of the 2R allele in our Han Chinese ADHD probands is still consistent with the TR allele hypothesis of ADHD in European-ancestry children. Recent studies have suggested that any variant from the conserved ancestral 4R allele might potentially alter biochemistry/phenotype. We hypothesize that an increased frequency of any non-4R allele may define the association of the DRD4 gene with ADHD that holds across ethnicity. The present findings, however, obtained with a small ADHD sample size, should be replicated. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ISSN1552-4841
2011 Impact Factor: 3.705
2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.288
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30129
ISI Accession Number IDWOS:000226619600010
ReferencesReferences in Scopus
DC Field
Value
dc.contributor.authorLeung, PWL
dc.contributor.authorLee, CC
dc.contributor.authorHung, SF
dc.contributor.authorHo, TP
dc.contributor.authorTang, CP
dc.contributor.authorKwong, SL
dc.contributor.authorLeung, SY
dc.contributor.authorYuen, ST
dc.contributor.authorLiehMak, F
dc.contributor.authorOosterlaan, J
dc.contributor.authorGrady, D
dc.contributor.authorHarxhi, A
dc.contributor.authorDing, YC
dc.contributor.authorChi, HC
dc.contributor.authorFlodman, P
dc.contributor.authorSchuck, S
dc.contributor.authorSpence, MA
dc.contributor.authorMoyzis, R
dc.contributor.authorSwanson, J
dc.date.accessioned2010-09-06T09:48:11Z
dc.date.available2010-09-06T09:48:11Z
dc.date.issued2005
dc.description.abstractThere is an increased prevalence of the 7-repeat (7R) allele of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the population prevalence of the 7R allele varies considerably across ethnicity and is very low in Asians. To test whether this 7R allele/ADHD association still held in a Chinese clinical sample, 32 Han Chinese children with a confirmed ADHD diagnosis and normal IQ who were methylphenidate- responders were genotyped. None of them had a DRD4 7R allele. Instead, we observed a significantly increased prevalence of the 2-repeat (2R) allele in this clinical sample (33%) compared to ethnically-matched controls (20%) (χ2(1d.f.) = 5.90, P = 0.015). This approximately 1.65-fold increase of the 2R allele in our probands is close to the observed increase of the 7R allele in European-ancestry ADHD children. Recent genetic studies have indicated that the 2R allele in Asians is likely derived from the 7R allele. Further, available biochemical data indicate that both the 2R and 7R protein have blunted responses to dopamine compared to the 4R protein. Based on these results, we propose that the observed increased prevalence of the 2R allele in our Han Chinese ADHD probands is still consistent with the TR allele hypothesis of ADHD in European-ancestry children. Recent studies have suggested that any variant from the conserved ancestral 4R allele might potentially alter biochemistry/phenotype. We hypothesize that an increased frequency of any non-4R allele may define the association of the DRD4 gene with ADHD that holds across ethnicity. The present findings, however, obtained with a small ADHD sample size, should be replicated. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
dc.description.natureLink_to_subscribed_fulltext
dc.identifier.citationAmerican Journal Of Medical Genetics - Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 2005, v. 133 B n. 1, p. 54-56 [How to Cite?]
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30129
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30129
dc.identifier.epage56
dc.identifier.hkuros108393
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000226619600010
dc.identifier.issn1552-4841
2011 Impact Factor: 3.705
2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.288
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.openurl
dc.identifier.pmid15578612
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-19944432137
dc.identifier.spage54
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/88802
dc.identifier.volume133 B
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148-7299:1/
dc.publisher.placeUnited States
dc.relation.ispartofAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics - Neuropsychiatric Genetics
dc.relation.referencesReferences in Scopus
dc.rightsAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
dc.subject.meshAdolescent
dc.subject.meshAlleles
dc.subject.meshAttention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics
dc.subject.meshChild
dc.subject.meshChina
dc.subject.meshGene Frequency
dc.subject.meshGenotype
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshMinisatellite Repeats - genetics
dc.subject.meshReceptors, Dopamine D2 - genetics
dc.subject.meshReceptors, Dopamine D4
dc.titleDopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele
dc.typeArticle
Author Affiliations
  1. Hong Kong Hospital Authority
  2. The University of Hong Kong
  3. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
  4. UC Irvine
  5. Chinese University of Hong Kong