Article: The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome
| Title | The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Li, R4 5 Fan, W5 Tian, G2 5 Zhu, H5 He, L8 16 Cai, J2 14 Huang, Q5 Cai, Q3 5 Li, B5 Bai, Y5 Zhang, Z17 Wang, Y Lam, TW Yiu, SM Liu, S Zhang, H Li, D Huang, Y Wang, X Yang, G Jiang, Z Zhang, Y Wang, J Qin, N Li, L Li, J Bolund, L Kristiansen, K Wong, GKS Olson, M Zhang, X Li, S Wang, W Yang, H Wang, J Wang, J Li, J Wei, F Li, H Jian, M Li, J Zhang, Z Nielsen, R Li, D Gu, W Yang, Z Xuan, Z Ryder, OA Leung, FCC Zhou, Y Cao, J Sun, X Fu, Y Fang, X Guo, X Wang, B Hou, R Shen, F Mu, B Ni, P Lin, R Qian, W Wang, G Yu, C Nie, W Wang, J Wu, Z Liang, H Min, J Wu, Q Cheng, S Ruan, J Wang, M Shi, Z Wen, M Liu, B Ren, X Zheng, H Dong, D Cook, K Shan, G Zhang, H Kosiol, C Xie, X Lu, Z Zheng, H Li, Y Steiner, CC Lam, TTY Lin, S Zhang, Q Li, G Tian, J Gong, T Liu, H Zhang, D Fang, L Ye, C Zhang, J Hu, W Xu, A Ren, Y Zhang, G Bruford, MW Li, Q Ma, L Guo, Y An, N Hu, Y Zheng, Y Shi, Y Li, Z Liu, Q Chen, Y Zhao, J Qu, N Zhao, S Tian, F Wang, X Wang, H Xu, L Liu, X Vinar, T | ||||||||||||||
| Issue Date | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.nature.com/nature | ||||||||||||||
| Citation | Nature, 2010, v. 463 n. 7279, p. 311-317 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08696 | ||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||||||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 2011 Impact Factor: 36.28 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 7.767 | ||||||||||||||
| DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08696 | ||||||||||||||
| ISI Accession Number ID | WOS:000273748100035
Funding Information: We are indebted to the faculty and staff of Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, whose names were not included in the author list, but who contributed to this team work. This project is funded by the Shenzhen Municipal Government and the Yantian District local government of Shenzhen. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30725008), Ole Romer grant from the Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Solexa project (272-07-0196), and Danish Strategic Research Council (2106-07-0021). We thank C. Wang, X. Huang and L. Luo for their assistance in collecting the blood sample. We thank D. D. Pollock for repeat content estimation. We thank M. Shi, Y. Wang and M. Ting Wong for analysis of the reproduction related genes. We also thank L. Goodman for editing the manuscript. | ||||||||||||||
| References | References in Scopus |
| dc.contributor.author | Li, R | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Fan, W | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Tian, G | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhu, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | He, L | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Cai, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Huang, Q | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Cai, Q | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, B | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Bai, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lam, TW | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yiu, SM | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, S | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, D | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Huang, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yang, G | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Jiang, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Qin, N | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, L | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Bolund, L | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Kristiansen, K | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wong, GKS | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Olson, M | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, S | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, W | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yang, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wei, F | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Jian, M | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Nielsen, R | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, D | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Gu, W | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yang, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Xuan, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ryder, OA | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Leung, FCC | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhou, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Cao, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Sun, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Fu, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Fang, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Guo, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, B | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Hou, R | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Shen, F | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Mu, B | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ni, P | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lin, R | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Qian, W | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, G | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Yu, C | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Nie, W | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wu, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liang, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Min, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wu, Q | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Cheng, S | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ruan, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, M | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Shi, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wen, M | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, B | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ren, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zheng, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Dong, D | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Cook, K | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Shan, G | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Kosiol, C | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Xie, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lu, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zheng, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Steiner, CC | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lam, TTY | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Lin, S | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Q | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, G | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Tian, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Gong, T | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, D | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Fang, L | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ye, C | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Hu, W | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Xu, A | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ren, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhang, G | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Bruford, MW | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, Q | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Ma, L | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Guo, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | An, N | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Hu, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zheng, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Shi, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Li, Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, Q | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Chen, Y | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhao, J | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Qu, N | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Zhao, S | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Tian, F | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Wang, H | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Xu, L | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Liu, X | ||||||||||||||
| dc.contributor.author | Vinar, T | ||||||||||||||
| dc.date.accessioned | 2010-09-06T09:54:51Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.date.available | 2010-09-06T09:54:51Z | ||||||||||||||
| dc.date.issued | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.description.abstract | Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||||||
| dc.description.nature | Link_to_subscribed_fulltext | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.citation | Nature, 2010, v. 463 n. 7279, p. 311-317 [How to Cite?] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08696 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.citeulike | 6372380 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08696 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.epage | 317 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.hkuros | 168618 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000273748100035
Funding Information: We are indebted to the faculty and staff of Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, whose names were not included in the author list, but who contributed to this team work. This project is funded by the Shenzhen Municipal Government and the Yantian District local government of Shenzhen. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30725008), Ole Romer grant from the Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Solexa project (272-07-0196), and Danish Strategic Research Council (2106-07-0021). We thank C. Wang, X. Huang and L. Luo for their assistance in collecting the blood sample. We thank D. D. Pollock for repeat content estimation. We thank M. Shi, Y. Wang and M. Ting Wong for analysis of the reproduction related genes. We also thank L. Goodman for editing the manuscript. | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.issn | 0028-0836 2011 Impact Factor: 36.28 2011 SCImago Journal Rankings: 7.767 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.issue | 7279 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.openurl | ![]() | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.pmid | 20010809 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-75149155568 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.spage | 311 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/89279 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.identifier.volume | 463 | ||||||||||||||
| dc.language | eng | ||||||||||||||
| dc.publisher | Nature Publishing Group. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.nature.com/nature | ||||||||||||||
| dc.publisher.place | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||
| dc.relation.ispartof | Nature | ||||||||||||||
| dc.relation.references | References in Scopus | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Algorithms | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Animals | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | China | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Conserved Sequence - genetics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Contig Mapping | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Diet - veterinary | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Dogs | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Evolution, Molecular | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Female | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Fertility - genetics - physiology | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Genome - genetics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Genomics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Heterozygote | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Humans | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Multigene Family - genetics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Sequence Alignment | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Sequence Analysis, DNA | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Synteny - genetics | ||||||||||||||
| dc.subject.mesh | Ursidae - classification - genetics - physiology | ||||||||||||||
| dc.title | The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome | ||||||||||||||
| dc.type | Article |
- Sichuan University
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen University
- Københavns Universitet
- BGI-Shenzhen
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda
- The University of Hong Kong
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Southeast University
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research
- University of Alberta
- UC Berkeley
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Cardiff University
- Fudan University
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding
- University of Toronto
- Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien
- University of Washington Seattle
- Comenius University
- South China University of Technology


