Biliary complications during liver resection

Abstract

Biliary complications after hepatectomy may lead to sepsis, liver failure, and death. Measures to detect biliary injury after liver transection may reduce such morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend of biliary complications after hepatectomy during the last 10 years and assess the efficacy of intraoperative measures (methylene blue test, cholangiography, fibrin glue application) for reducing postoperative biliary complications. This is a retrospective study of 616 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy in our institution from January 1989 to September 1998. The study period was divided into the first 5 years and the second 5 years for comparison. The hospital mortality rate was 6%. It was significantly reduced during the second 5-year period (3.3% vs. 10.6%; p = 0.0002). The postoperative biliary leakage rate was 5.5% and was also reduced during the second 5-year period (3.5% vs. 9.8%; p = 0.004). Postresection methylene blue tests were performed more frequently during the second 5-year period than the first (63% vs. 28%; p = 0.0001). The postoperative biliary leakage rate was reduced by the methylene blue test (3.6% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.05) but not by application of fibrin glue (7.2% vs. 4.2%) or postresection cholangiography. However, among the 60 patients with a positive methylene blue test, postoperative biliary leakage still occurred in 10% of them after the leakage sites were sutured. In conclusion, the biliary complication rate is decreasing. Only the postresection methylene blue test, but not postresection cholangiography or application of fibrin glue, helps to reduce the postoperative biliary leakage rate.