Spatiotemporal characteristics of central otolith neurons

Abstract

Purpose To review the spatiotemporal behaviours of central otolith neurons in decerebrate animals. Data sources Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Data extraction Results of key research findings from 1992 to 1997. Results With constant velocity colckwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) off-vertical axis rotations as stimuli to the otolith organs, neurons in the vestibular nuclei and medullary reticular formation showed characteristic spatiotemporal behavious. One-dimensional neurons showed symmetric and stable bidirectional response sensitivities (δ) to change in velocity while two-dimensional neurons showed asymmetric and variable δ to velocity. This CW-CCW asymmetry to bidirectional rotations may provide directional coding in the modulation of neural signals. Vestibular nuclear neurons also displayed distinct spontaneous discharge patterns at the stationary and earth-horizontal position, indicating that one- and two-dimensional neurons belong to physiologically distinct etities. These spatiotemporal behavious of the vestibular nuclear neurons were also shown to be precisely controlled by imputs from the vestibulocerebellum and/or bilateral otoliths. In both the vestibular nucleus and the reticular formation, the best response orientations of one-dimensional neurons and the orientations of the maximum response vector of two-dimensional neurons were found to point in all directions close to the horizontal plane, indicating that all bead orientations on this plane are encoded across an ensemble of neurons. Conclusion Otolith-evoked behaviours of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional neurons constitute an important element for the recognition of the direction and orientation of head motion in space.